Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients on cholecalciferol or calcifediol treatment and their matched controls
| Cholecalciferol treated (n = 108,343) | Cholecalciferol matched (n = 216,686) | SMD | Calcifediol treated (n = 134,703) | Calcifediol matched (n = 269,406) | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables used for matching | ||||||
| Female gender, n (%) | 90,417 (83.5) | 181,414 (83.7) | 0.007 | 105,229 (78.1) | 209,824 (77.9) | 0.006 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 70.0 (14.0) | 70.0 (14.6) | 0.001 | 68.8 (14.9) | 68.8 (15.1) | 0.004 |
| Nursing home residence, n (%) | 2884 (2.7) | 5649 (2.6) | 0.003 | 3548 (2.6) | 6989 (2.6) | 0.002 |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 23,329 (21.5) | 46,003 (21.2) | 0.007 | 32,507 (24.1) | 64,571 (24.0) | 0.004 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 59,157 (54.6) | 116,565 (53.8) | 0.016 | 75,058 (55.7) | 148,784 (55.2) | 0.010 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 39,941 (36.9) | 78,711 (36.3) | 0.011 | 51,547 (38.3) | 102,367 (38.0) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 23,899 (22.1) | 46,978 (21.7) | 0.009 | 33,284 (24.7) | 66,443 (24.7) | 0.001 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 11,572 (10.7) | 22,939 (10.6) | 0.003 | 14,692 (10.9) | 29,260 (10.9) | 0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 14,838 (13.7) | 29,376 (13.6) | 0.004 | 18,431 (13.7) | 36,947 (13.7) | 0.001 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 11,791 (10.9) | 23,332 (10.8) | 0.004 | 13,983 (10.4) | 27,894 (10.4) | 0.001 |
| eGFR, mean (SD) | 78.35 (20.65) | 78.46 (20.96) | 0.005 | 78.01 (22.91) | 78.01 (21.62) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 7949 (7.3) | 15,674 (7.2) | 0.004 | 10,234 (7.6) | 20,346 (7.6) | 0.002 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 6517 (6.0) | 12,783 (5.9) | 0.005 | 7841 (5.8) | 15,590 (5.8) | 0.001 |
| Malignant neoplasia, n (%) | 28,731 (26.5) | 57,158 (26.4) | 0.003 | 32,604 (24.2) | 65,240 (24.2) | < 0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 1426 (1.3) | 2846 (1.3) | < 0.001 | 1641 (1.2) | 3346 (1.2) | 0.002 |
| Osteoporosis, n (%) | 19,332 (17.8) | 37,668 (17.4) | 0.012 | 19,052 (14.1) | 36,908 (13.7) | 0.013 |
| Past femur fracture, n (%) | 1746 (1.6) | 2939 (1.4) | 0.021 | 1676 (1.2) | 2877 (1.1) | 0.016 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 57,688 (53.2) | 115,410 (53.3) | < 0.001 | 70,817 (52.6) | 142,020 (52.7) | 0.003 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 7204 (6.6) | 14,097 (6.5) | 0.006 | 10,331 (7.7) | 20,784 (7.7) | 0.002 |
| Peripheral arteriopathy,n (%) | 3085 (2.8) | 6064 (2.8) | 0.003 | 4679 ( 3.5) | 9372 ( 3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Use of drugs | ||||||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 49,488 (45.7) | 98,961 (45.7) | < 0.001 | 58,522 (43.4) | 118,032 (43.8) | 0.007 |
| Oral corticosteroids, n (%) | 11,986 (11.1) | 24,149 (11.1) | 0.003 | 11,098 (8.2) | 22,562 (8.4) | 0.005 |
| DPP4-inhibitors, n (%) | 2659 (2.5) | 5194 (2.4) | 0.004 | 4220 (3.1) | 8440 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Statins, n (%) | 33,471 (30.9) | 66,992 (30.9) | < 0.001 | 43,130 (32.0) | 86,714 (32.2) | 0.004 |
| ACE inhibitors, n (%) | 26,353 (24.3) | 52,413 (24.2) | 0.003 | 32,101 (23.8) | 64,087 (23.8) | 0.001 |
| ARB, n (%) | 18,988 (17.5) | 37,532 (17.3) | 0.005 | 25,486 (18.9) | 50,685 (18.8) | 0.003 |
| Immunosuppressants, n (%) | 3095 (2.9) | 6082 (2.8) | 0.003 | 3004 (2.2) | 5941 ( 2.2) | 0.002 |
SMD standardized mean difference, SD standard deviation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACE angiotensin convertint enzyme, ARB angiotensin-II receptor blockers, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4