Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants at Baseline, Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging, 2003-2019.
| Characteristics | Participants, No. (%) (N = 1202) |
|---|---|
| Demographic | |
| Age, mean (SD) [range], y | 71.1 (8.6) [60-94] |
| Age categories, y | |
| 60-79 | 945 (78.6) |
| ≥80 | 257 (21.4) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 610 (50.8) |
| Male | 592 (49.2) |
| Race | |
| White | 853 (71.0) |
| Black | 281 (23.4) |
| Othera | 67 (5.6) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 69 (5.7) |
| At least some college, completed college | 372 (31.0) |
| Graduate school | 761 (63.3) |
| Clinical | |
| Visits, mean (SD), No. (N = 5256) | 4.4 (2.7) |
| Follow-up time, mean (SD), y | 6.9 (4.7) |
| Visits, No. | |
| 1 | 188 (15.7) |
| 2 | 160 (13.3) |
| ≥3 | 853 (71.0) |
| Health measures | |
| Smoking | |
| Never or quit >10 y ago | 1152 (96.1) |
| Current or quit <10 y | 47 (3.9) |
| Body mass indexb | |
| <25 | 431 (35.9) |
| 25 to <30 | 486 (40.5) |
| ≥30 | 284 (23.6) |
| Diabetes | 236 (19.6) |
| Hypertension | 441 (36.7) |
| Visual measures | |
| Visual acuity, mean (SD), logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution | 0.16 (0.16) |
| Contrast sensitivity, mean (SD), log unitsc | 1.91 (0.12) |
| Stereo acuity impairment (worse than 60 s of arc)d | 161 (13.9) |
| Any vision impairmente | 321 (27.4) |
a
Other refers to American Indian or Alaska Native, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, other Asian or Pacific Islander, other non-White, and not classifiable.
b
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
c
Data were missing for 23 participants.
d
Data were missing for 45 participants.
e
Refers to either visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, or stereo acuity impairment.