Table 3.
Exact formulations that were asked in the questionnaires.
| Questionnaire, number | Question | Domain | |||
| SUSa,b |
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1 | I thought the system was easy to use | Usability | ||
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2 | I think that I would like to use this system frequently | Usability | ||
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3 | I felt very confident using the system | Usability | ||
| SSQc,d |
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4 | General discomfort | Sickness | ||
|
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5 | Stomach awareness | Sickness | ||
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6 | Sweating | Sickness | ||
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7 | Nausea | Sickness | ||
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8 | Headache | Oculomotor problems | ||
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9 | Eye strain | Oculomotor problems | ||
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10 | Dizziness | Disorientation | ||
| IPQe,f |
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11 | In the virtual world, I had a sense of “being there.”g | Immersion | ||
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12 | Somehow, I felt that the virtual world surrounded me.h | Presence | ||
| PGTQi,j |
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13 | I was motivated for a good performance. | Motivation | ||
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14 | The game was frustrating. | Frustration | ||
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15 | The game was challenging. | Challenge | ||
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16 | The game was entertaining. | Entertainment | ||
aSUS: System Usability Scale.
bFully disagree to fully agree; score range, 1-5; midpoint, 3; scored as the mean of Q1-Q3.
cSSQ: Simulator Sickness Questionnaire.
dNone to severe; score range, 1-4; midpoint, 2.5; scored as the mean of Q4-Q10.
eIPQ: Igroup Presence Questionnaire.
fScore range, 1-5; midpoint, 3; each question is scored individually.
gNot at all to very much.
hFully disagree to fully agree.
iPGTQ: Perception of Game Training Questionnaire.
jFully disagree to fully agree; score range, 1-7; midpoint, 4.5; each question is scored individually.