Table 1. Baseline Participant Characteristics, Medications, and Symptoms.
| Characteristics | Azithromycin (n = 171) | Placebo (n = 92) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 42 (35-49) | 44 (35-51) |
| Sex, No. (%) | n = 168 | n = 92 |
| Female | 117 (69) | 57 (62) |
| Male | 51 (30) | 35 (38) |
| Geographic region, No. (%)a | ||
| West | 79 (46) | 40 (44) |
| Southeast | 38 (22) | 14 (15) |
| Southwest | 24 (14) | 16 (17) |
| Midwest | 21 (12) | 16 (17) |
| Northeast | 9 (5) | 6 (7) |
| Race and ethnicity, No. (%)b | n = 167 | n = 92 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 94 (56) | 56 (61) |
| Latinx/Hispanic | 49 (29) | 27 (30) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 11 (7) | 1 (1) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 6 (4) | 3 (3) |
| Non-Hispanic Middle Eastern/Arab | 2 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Non-Hispanic Native American | 0 | 1 (1) |
| More than 1 race | 4 (2) | 3 (3) |
| Preferred not to answer | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Alcohol consumption >3 times per wk, No. (%)c | 23 (14) | 9 (10) |
| Current use, No. (%) | ||
| Cigarettes | 13 (8) | 5 (5) |
| Marijuana | 9 (5) | 6 (7) |
| e-Cigarettes/vaping | 8 (5) | 2 (2) |
| Cigars | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%)d | ||
| Asthma | 21 (12) | 11 (12) |
| Hypertension | 20 (12) | 12 (13) |
| Diabetes | 5 (3) | 5 (5) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4 (2) | 0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Cancer | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Stroke | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Recent macrolide use (<30 d), No. (%) | 22 (13) | 11 (12) |
| Recent hydroxychloroquine use (<7 d), No. (%) | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Current medications, No. (%)e | ||
| ACEI or ARB | 15 (9) | 14 (15) |
| Metformin | 4 (2) | 3 (3) |
| Omeprazole | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Tacrolimus | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Current vitamin/supplement use, No. (%)f | ||
| Vitamin D | 64 (37) | 37 (40) |
| Vitamin C | 61 (36) | 33 (36) |
| Multivitamin | 52 (30) | 27 (29) |
| Zinc | 49 (29) | 20 (22) |
| Omega-3 fatty acid | 14 (8) | 6 (7) |
| Self-reported symptoms, No. (%) | ||
| Multiple symptoms | 152 (89) | 82 (89) |
| Cough | 111 (65) | 61 (66) |
| Fatigue | 107 (63) | 55 (60) |
| Fever | 87 (51) | 40 (44) |
| Myalgia | 82 (48) | 40 (44) |
| Anosmia | 80 (47) | 39 (42) |
| Sore throat | 71 (42) | 37 (40) |
| Diarrhea | 45 (26) | 20 (22) |
| Shortness of breath | 45 (26) | 17 (19) |
| Dizziness | 39 (23) | 15 (16) |
| Abdominal pain | 29 (17) | 12 (13) |
| Conjunctivitis | 8 (5) | 2 (2) |
| None | 12 (7) | 6 (7) |
| No. of symptoms, median (IQR) | 5 (3-6) | 4 (3-6) |
| Duration of symptoms prior to test, median (IQR), d | 3 (2-4.5) | 3 (2-4) |
| Days between positive test result and enrollment, median (IQR) | 3 (1-5) | 2 (1-4) |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; IQR, interquartile range.
West: Colorado, Montana, Washington, Utah, Nevada, California; Southwest: Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona; Midwest: Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota; Southeast: Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Florida; Northeast: Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey; states were divided into regions based on geographic and cultural similarities.
Race and ethnicity were self-reported and are shown for all participants who reported race and ethnicity information.
Alcohol consumption more than 3 times per week regardless of number of drinks.
Comorbidities were self-reported by participants.
Current medications were self-reported by participants. Participants were given a list of medications that were thought to be associated with COVID-19 progression at the time of the study design (March 2020) and were asked to check any that they were currently taking.
Current supplement use was self-reported by participants. Participants were given a list of vitamins and supplements thought to be associated with COVID-19 progression at the time of the study design (March 2020) and were asked to check any that they were currently taking.