Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of model variables*
| Variable | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Case fatality ratio: | ||||
| Total deaths attributed to COVID-19 per 100 confirmed cases |
2.08 |
1.38 |
0.05 |
9.87 |
|
Vaccine coverage: | ||||
| Total number of people who received at least one vaccine dose per 10 people in the total population |
0.30 |
0.75 |
0.00 |
6.20 |
|
Country characteristics | ||||
| Government effectiveness score (-2.5 to 2.5)† |
0.36 |
0.86 |
-1.34 |
2.22 |
| Transport infrastructure quality index (1-5)‡ |
2.97 |
0.66 |
1.82 |
4.37 |
| Population aged 65 or older (%) |
11.61 |
6.81 |
1.16 |
28.00 |
| Hospital beds per 1000 population |
3.29 |
2.63 |
0.30 |
13.05 |
| Gross domestic product per capita (log) |
9.84 |
1.03 |
6.97 |
11.49 |
|
Nonpharmaceutical interventions: | ||||
| Government response stringency index (0-100)§ |
61.94 |
14.07 |
19.44 |
88.89 |
| Time to containment policy since first death (weeks) |
-4.56 |
4.83 |
-26.86 |
1.00 |
| Total tests for COVID-19 per 100 people |
39.07 |
60.77 |
0.33 |
583.20 |
| Total confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 100 people |
2.44 |
2.34 |
0.00 |
11.16 |
|
Continent: | ||||
| Africa |
0.14 |
0.34 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
| Asia |
0.28 |
0.45 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
| Europe |
0.35 |
0.48 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
| North America |
0.11 |
0.32 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
| South America |
0.10 |
0.30 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
| Oceania | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
SD – standard deviation
*Note: The sample had 90 countries and 2200 country-week observations.
†Government effectiveness score measures the quality of public and civil services, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government’s commitment to such policies (2.5 = greatest effectiveness).
‡Transport infrastructure quality index measures the quality of the trade and transport infrastructure (5 = highest quality).
§Government response stringency index measures the intensity of nine containment policies: school closures, workplace closures, cancellation of public events, restrictions on gathering size, closures of public transport, stay-at-home requirements, restrictions on internal movement, restrictions on international travel, and coordinated public information campaigns (100 = strictest response).