Table 3.
Demographic and clinical factors for patients by depression symptom outcome at 6-monthsa
| PHQ-9 < 5 | PHQ-9 ≥ 5 | PHQ-9 < 10 | PHQ-9 ≥ 10 | Δ PHQ-9 ≥ 6 | Δ PHQ-9 < 6 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb (%c) | |||||||||
| Baseline PHQ-9 | |||||||||
| Total Score, Mean (SD) | 13.94 (3.95) | 16.25 (4.58) | **d | 14.44 (4.08) | 17.14 (4.60) | ** | 16.61 (4.57) | 15.26 (4.47) | ** |
| Item 9e | 25 (25.00) | 223 (43.30) | ** | 91 (31.49) | 157 (48.16) | ** | 114 (41.16) | 134 (39.64) | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 32 (32.00) | 179 (34.76) | 103 (35.64) | 108 (33.13) | 98 (35.38) | 113 (33.43) | |||
| Female | 68 (68.00) | 336 (65.24) | 186 (64.36) | 218 (66.87) | 179 (64.62) | 225 (66.57) | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 15 (15.00) | 84 (16.31) | 50 (17.30) | 49 (15.03) | 47 (16.97) | 52 (15.38) | |||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 77 (77.00) | 381 (73.98) | 215 (74.39) | 243 (74.54) | 203 (73.29) | 255 (75.44) | |||
| Missing | 8 (8.00) | 50 (9.71) | 24 (8.30) | 34 (10.43) | 27 (9.75) | 31 (9.17) | |||
| Race | |||||||||
| White/Caucasian | 53 (53.00) | 301 (58.45) | 169 (58.48) | 185 (56.75) | 163 (58.84) | 191 (55.51) | |||
| Asian | 9 (9.00) | 45 (8.74) | 24 (8.30) | 30 (9.20) | 24 (8.66) | 30 (8.88) | |||
| Black/African American | 4 (4.00) | 31 (6.02) | 13 (4.50) | 22 (6.75) | 11 (3.97) | 24 (7.10) | |||
| Two or More Races | 5 (5.00) | 14 (2.72) | 10 (3.46) | 9 (2.76) | 7 (2.53) | 12 (3.55) | |||
| Other/Unknownf | 29 (29.00) | 124 (24.08) | 73 (25.26) | 80 (24.54) | 72 (25.99) | 81 (23.96) | |||
| Marital Statusg | |||||||||
| Married/Domestic Partner | 41 (41.00) | 168 (32.62) | 106 (36.68) | 103 (31.60) | 97 (35.02) | 112 (33.14) | |||
| Previously Married/Previous Domestic Partner | 6 (6.00) | 34 (6.60) | 15 (5.19) | 25 (7.67) | 15 (5.42) | 25 (7.40) | |||
| Single | 49 (49.00) | 299 (58.06) | 160 (55.36) | 188 (57.67) | 154 (55.60) | 194 (57.40) | |||
| Otherh | 4 (4.00) | 14 (2.72) | 8 (2.77) | 10 (3.07) | 11 (3.97) | 7 (2.07) | |||
| Age | |||||||||
| Age at Baseline, Mean (SD) | 39.64 (14.39) | 40.67 (14.91) | 40.00 (14.43) | 40.95 (15.17) | 39.71 (14.27) | 41.15 (15.24) | |||
| Number of Treatment Sessionsi | |||||||||
| Totalj, Mean (SD) | 6.96 (4.02) | 7.36 (4.05) | 7.16 (4.04) | 7.41 (4.04) | 6.99 (3.94) | 7.54 (4.12) | |||
| With a Physiciank, Mean (SD) | 2.48 (2.20) | 2.88 (1.98) | 2.65 (2.05) | 2.95 (2.00) | 2.69 (2.08) | 2.91 (1.97) | |||
| With a Therapistl, Mean (SD) | 3.86 (4.38) | 3.92 (4.33) | 3.96 (4.43) | 3.87 (4.26) | 3.76 (4.36) | 4.03 (4.31) | |||
| At Risk for Other Behavioral Health Conditions | |||||||||
| Baseline GAD-7 Score ≥ 10 | 61 (61.00) | 373 (72.71) | * | 181 (62.63) | 253 (78.09) | ** | 200 (72.20) | 234 (69.64) | |
| Baseline AUDIT-C Score ≥ 3m | 31 (31.00) | 197 (38.48) | 106 (36.81) | 122 (37.65) | 97 (35.14) | 131 (38.99) | |||
| Baseline DAST-10 Score ≥ 3n | 11 (11.00) | 53 (10.29) | 25 (8.65) | 39 (11.96) | 27 (9.75) | 37 (10.95) | |||
| Baseline PCL Score > 50o | 13 (13.00) | 161 (31.57) | ** | 59 (20.56) | 115 (35.60) | ** | 83 (30.07) | 91 (27.25) | |
a Using 180 days (since baseline BHC) as 6-month indicator
b Sample size including only patients who have at least 2 PHQ-9 scores: N = 615; PHQ-9 < 5: n = 100; PHQ-9 ≥ 5: n = 515; PHQ-9 < 10: n = 289; PHQ-9 ≥ 10: n = 326; Δ PHQ-9 ≥ 6: n = 277; Δ PHQ-9 < 6: n = 338
c Percentages displayed represent “column” percentages
d *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01; for continuous items, p-values represent two-sample t-test comparing mean scores between patients who have and have not reached “remission”; for categorical items, p-values represent chi-square tests under the null hypothesis of independence between “remission” status and the categorical variable
e Includes any endorsement except “Not at all”
f “Other/Unknown” includes: “American Indian or Alaska Native”, “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander”, “Other”, “Unknown”
g Significance test
h “Other” includes: Life Partner, Significant Other, Unknown, Other, Missing
i Visits to BHA in the first 6 months
k Includes visits that did not indicate a provider type
l Includes: Physician, Fellow
m Includes: Therapist, Social Worker, Care Coordinator
n Clinical cutoff is ≥3 for females, ≥ 4 for males; patients were only administered the full AUDIT-C if they did not select “never” on the first item of the AUDIT-C
o Cutoff ≥3 indicates at least “moderate” symptoms; patients were only administered the DAST-10 if they screened positive on the 1-item screener
p Patients were only administered the PCL if they did not select “no” for more than one item on the PC-PTSD screen