Table 1.

Light-cured orthodontic adhesive systems considered in the study

	Orthodontic adhesive system	Manufacturer
TXT	Transbond XT™ Light Cure Adhesive is composed of a primer in bottle and a paste in syringe, 37% orthophosphoric acid (ETCH-37TM, BISCO) in add	3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA
LEONE	Light-Cure Orthodontic Paste is composed of a paste in syringe (F3172-01), a primer in bottle (F3171-01) and an acid etch (F3143-01)	Leone spa, Sesto Fiorentino. FI, Italy
BISCO	Bisco Ortho Bracket Paste LC is composed of a paste in syringe, a one-step primer in bottle and an etching gel (ETCH-37TM, BISCO) in syringe	Bisco, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA