Table 2.
Characteristics of fluid status and kidney function. Pharmacokinetic parameters of meropenem
| Characteristics | Day | Fluid overload | No fluid overload |
|---|---|---|---|
| CFB (L) | 1 | 11.7 (3.3)2,3,# | 2.4 (1.8)# |
| 2 | 8.0 (4.3)1,# | 3.3 (1.9)# | |
| 3 | 6.7 (4.3)1 | 4.1 (2.6) | |
| 24-h urine outputa (L) | 1 | 3.7 (2.1) | 2.8 (1.1) |
| 2 | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.1 (1.6) | |
| 3 | 4.0 (2.1) | 3.1 (1.2) | |
| Scrb (μmol/L) | 1 | 91 (46)2,3 | 81 (36) |
| 2 | 71 (25)1 | 77 (27) | |
| 3 | 69 (15)1 | 72 (28) | |
| CLcr (L/h) | 1 | 4.9 (2.6) | 4.9 (2.2) |
| 2 | 6.8 (2.6) | 5.4 (2.7) | |
| 3 | 6.1 (2.5) | 5.6 (2.9) | |
| CGCLcr (L/h) | 1 | 5.7 (2.1) | 6.0 (2.1) |
| 2 | 6.9 (2.6) | 6.3 (2.7) | |
| 3 | 7.1 (2.5) | 6.7 (2.9) | |
| CLme (L/h) | 1 | 8.5 (3.2)3,# | 11.5 (3.5)# |
| 2 | 10.9 (3.0) | 12.2 (3.6) | |
| 3 | 12.4 (3.8)1 | 11.5 (2.0) | |
| Q12 (L/h) | 1 | 18.4 (1.9) | 18.2 (3.6) |
| 2 | 17.5 (2.6) | 16.5 (3.0) | |
| 3 | 17.6 (1.9) | 19.2 (4.6) | |
| V1 (L) | 1 | 14.9 (3.5)# | 13.5 (4.1)# |
| 2 | 14.3 (2.3) | 14.1 (4.8) | |
| 3 | 13.7 (2.0) | 14.0 (5.1) | |
| V2 (L) | 1 | 14.0 (1.7) | 13.1 (1.7) |
| 2 | 14.6 (1.9) | 14.2 (1.8) | |
| 3 | 13.8 (1.2) | 13.2 (2.8) | |
| t1/2 (h) | 1 | 1.4 (0.63)3,# | 0.92 (0.54)# |
| 2 | 0.96 (0.26) | 0.86 (0.39) | |
| 3 | 0.81 (0.23)1 | 0.87 (0.40) |
Results of the Tukey–Kramer multiple-comparison test (α = 0.05): upper numbers indicate within-group differences between the monitoring Days 1, 2 and 3; # the between-group difference at the particular day. a The urine output rates were higher than the threshold defining oliguria (0.5 mL/kg/h) in all but two patients from the No fluid overload group who fulfilled the criteria for the stage 2 AKI according to KDIGO or the injury class AKI according to RIFLE; b All Scr values were less than 354 micromol/L, i.e., the threshold indicating stage 3 AKI (KDIGO) or the failure class AKI (RIFLE); Abbreviations: CFB cumulative fluid balance, CLcr measured creatinine clearance, CGCLcr creatinine clearace estimated using Cockroft-Gault equation, CLme meropenem total clearance, Q12 inter-compartmental clearance, V1 and V2 meropenem distribution volumes of the central and peripheral compartments, t1/2 biological half-life