Table 3.

Demographics, and clinical presentation according to triradiate cartilage fractures (n = 109)

	Open triradiate cartilage (n = 56)	Closed triradiate cartilage (n = 53)	P value
Age (mean ± SD)	6.9 ± 4.2	16.4 ± 1.6	0.001
Males %	40 (71.4%)	46 (86.8%)	0.04
Mechanism of injury %
Motor vehicle crashes	16 (28.6%)	41 (77.4%)	0.001 for all
Fall	9 (16.1%)	5 (9.4%)
Pedestrian	25 (44.6%)	1 (1.9%)
Others	6 (10.7%)	6 (11.3%)
Associated injuries %
Chest	22 (39.3%)	26 (49.1%)	0.30
Spine	4 (7.1%)	22 (41.5%)	0.001
Abdomen	16 (28.6%)	24 (45.3%)	0.07
Head	8 (14.3%)	18 (34.0%)	0.01
Lower extremity	7 (12.5%)	13 (24.5%)	0.10
Injury Severity Score (mean ± SD)	12.8 ± 9.9	19.3 ± 11.6	0.002
Revised Trauma Score (mean ± SD)	7.6 ± 0.9	7.2 ± 1.3	0.06
Pelvis abbreviated injury score (mean ± SD)	2.1 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.7	0.03
Torode fracture classification %
Type I	1 (1.8%)	2 (4.8%)	0.27 for all
Type II	10 (17.9%)	4 (9.5%)
Type III	41 (73.2%)	29 (69.0%)
Type IV	4 (7.1%)	7 (16.7%)
Acetabular fracture %	0 (0.0%)	9 (17.0%)	0.001
Management %
Conservative management	49 (87.5%)	38 (71.7%)	0.04
Surgical intervention	7 (12.5%)	15 (28.3%)
Intubation %	8 (14.3%)	14 (26.4%)	0.11
Positive FAST scan %	4 (7.5%)	8 (17.0%)	0.14
Number of blood units (median and range)	2 (1–12)	4 (1–51)	0.06
Blood transfusion %	15 (26.8%)	28 (52.8%)	0.005
Massive blood transfusion %	2 (3.6%)	5 (9.4%)	0.21
In-hospital complications %
Pneumonia	0 (0.0%)	6 (11.3%)	0.10
Sepsis	0 (0.0%)	2 (3.8%)	0.14
ARDS	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	0.30
Acute Kidney Injury	1 (1.8%)	3 (5.7%)	0.28
Ventilatory days (median and range)	2 (1–10)	9 (1–31)	0.03
ICU length of stay (median and range)	2.5 (1–15)	7 (2–35)	0.005
Hospital length of stay (median and range)	6 (1–76)	14 (1–85)	0.001
Mortality %	1 (1.8%)	2 (3.8%)	0.52