Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included patients.
| Variable | Non-FIC (n=470) | FIC (n=131) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male | 230 (48.94%) | 62 (47.33%) | 0.745 |
| Female | 240 (51.06%) | 69 (52.67%) | |
| Age (years) | 49.00 (36.00, 61.00) | 52.00 (38.00, 66.00) | 0.086 |
| Type of surgery | |||
| Orthopedics | 110 (23.40%) | 31 (23.66%) | 0.951 |
| Abdominal | 360 (76.60%) | 100 (76.34%) | |
| Operative time (min) | 85.00 (50.00, 145.00) | 100.00 (50.00, 155.00) | 0.302 |
| BMI | 23.58 (20.98, 26.30) | 24.21 (20.31, 25.86) | 0.431 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | 200.00 (100.00, 300.00) | 200.00 (100.00, 350.00) | 0.106 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 405 (86.17%) | 105 (80.15%) | 0.089 |
| Current or former | 65 (13.83%) | 26 (19.85%) | |
| Alcohol intake | |||
| Never | 434 (92.34%) | 116 (88.55%) | 0.169 |
| Yes | 36 (7.66%) | 15 (11.45%) | |
| Pharyngitis | |||
| Never | 402 (85.53%) | 93 (70.99%) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 68 (14.47%) | 38 (29.01%) | |
| History of gastroesophageal reflux | |||
| Never | 450 (95.74%) | 122 (93.13%) | 0.217 |
| Yes | 20 (4.26%) | 9 (6.87%) | |
| Other digestive tract diseases | |||
| Never | 447 (95.11%) | 121 (92.37%) | 0.223 |
| Yes | 23 (4.89%) | 10 (7.63%) | |
| Hypertension | |||
| Never | 382 (81.28%) | 97 (74.05%) | 0.069 |
| Yes | 88 (18.72%) | 34 (25.95%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| Never | 412 (87.66%) | 115 (87.79%) | 0.969 |
| Yes | 58 (12.34%) | 16 (12.21%) | |
| History of asthma | |||
| Never | 448 (95.32%) | 126 (96.18%) | 0.673 |
| Yes | 22 (4.68%) | 5 (3.82%) | |
| Psychiatric history | |||
| Never | 460 (97.87%) | 129 (98.47%) | 0.935 |
| Yes | 10 (2.13%) | 2 (1.53%) | |
| History of respiratory infection (within 2 months) | |||
| Never | 461 (98.09%) | 129 (98.47%) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 9 (1.91%) | 2 (1.53%) | |
| History of surgery | |||
| Never | 453 (96.38%) | 123 (93.89%) | 0.207 |
| Yes | 17 (3.62%) | 8 (6.11%) | |
| Lidocaine (2% ml) | 3.00 (2.45, 3.50) | 2.55 (0.00, 3.30) | <0.001 |
| Palliative | |||
| Midazolam | 337 (71.70%) | 87 (66.41%) | 0.240 |
| Dexmedetomidine | 133 (28.30%) | 44 (33.59%) | |
| Sufentanil (ug) | |||
| 10 | 9 (1.91%) | 1 (0.76%) | 0.256 |
| 15 | 152 (32.34%) | 53 (40.46%) | |
| 20 | 309 (65.74%) | 77 (58.78%) | |
| Propofol (mg) | 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) | 100.00 (90.00, 100.00) | 0.021 |
| Rocuronium bromide | 50.00 (40.00, 50.00) | 50.00 (40.00, 50.00) | 0.052 |
| Sufentanil | 10.00 (10.00, 30.00) | 10.00 (10.00, 30.00) | 0.534 |
BMI – body mass index; FIC – fentanyl-induced cough.