Table 3.
Subgroup Analysis of the Association of Psychological Distress Status with All-Cause Mortality Among Participants with Diabetes
| Subgroup | Psychological Distress Status | p for Multiplicative Interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||
| Age | 0.63 | ||||
| <65 | 1 (Reference) | 1.14 (1.02,1.26) | 1.32 (1.19,1.46) | 1.34 (1.18,1.52) | |
| ≥65 | 1 (Reference) | 1.10 (1.04,1.17) | 1.32 (1.22,1.42) | 1.35 (1.17,1.55) | |
| Sex | 0.004 | ||||
| Female | 1 (Reference) | 1.07 (0.99,1.15) | 1.25 (1.15,1.35) | 1.18 (1.04,1.34) | |
| Male | 1 (Reference) | 1.16 (1.08,1.25) | 1.41 (1.29,1.53) | 1.62 (1.41,1.87) | |
| Medication treatment status | 0.02 | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 (0.86,1.16) | 1.23 (1.03,1.46) | 1.02 (0.75,1.39) | |
| Yes | 1 (Reference) | 1.14 (1.07,1.21) | 1.34 (1.25,1.44) | 1.48 (1.32,1.65) | |
Notes: Values are HR (95% CI). Adjusted for age, sex race/ethnicity, education, income, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, hypertension, CVD and cancer at baseline. The p for interaction between psychological distress and age/sex/medication treatment status were obtained using Wald testing.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio.