Table 1.

Survey questions and answers of respondents.

Survey questions	Survey answers	N = 321	%
(1) Would you consider drainage for sterile ANC (no elevated body temperature, white blood cell count, or PCT) without definite indications of surgical intervention (uncontrolled bleeding, perforation, suspected necrosis, aggravating compartment syndrome, etc.)?	Never	57	18
	Based on clinical condition, CT imaging, and laboratory indicators	229	71
	Immediate intervention whenever possible	35	11
(1.1) For those who consider drainage for noninfected ANC based on clinical condition, CT imaging, and laboratory indicators (N = 229), what is the most important?	Persistent organ failure	126	55
	Persistent abdominal pain and abdominal distention	39	17
	CT shows a larger range of ANC	34	15
	Laboratory indicators such as WBC, IL-6, CRP, and other inflammatory markers increase	18	8
	Others	12	5
(1.1.1) For those who consider drainage for noninfected ANC based on persistent organ failure(N = 126), what is the criteria of duration and degree of organ failure when you consider drainage? (Multiple-choice questions)	Drainage when the duration of organ failure lasts 48 h	57	45
	Drainage when the duration of organ failure lasts 1 week	21	17
	Drainage when with new-onset organ failure	41	33
	Drainage when organ failure aggravated	53	42
	Drainage when the duration of organ failure lasts 2 weeks	9	7
	Others	0	0
(2) For the drainage of ANC without infectious manifestations such as elevated body temperature, white blood cell count, or PCT, what is your first choice?	PCD	153	47
	Endoscopic catheter drainage	12	4
	Percutaneous or endoscopic catheter drainage based on the location of ANC	135	42
	Surgical drainage	12	4
	Others	9	3
(3) What is most important for the early suspicion of infected ANC?	Spiking of body temperatures to greater than 38.5°C	70	22
	New-onset organ failure or deteriorated organ failure	82	26
	Based on the imaging changes of CT or MRI	84	26
	Based on laboratory indicators, such as PCT, hemogram, and platelet	27	8
	Based on the result of fine needle aspiration	51	16
	Others	7	2
(4) Is fine needle aspiration a routine practice for diagnosing IPN in your hospital?	Yes. Nearly every suspected IPN patients will do this	25	8
	No. Only a part of patients do this	166	52
	Never	130	40
(5) If IPN is suspected, what is the most important factor determining whether you intervene or not?	Based on the result of blood culture	7	2
	Based on the occurrence and evolution of organ failure	45	14
	Based on the efficacy of antibiotic therapy	79	25
	Based on whether the disease extends beyond four weeks and the collection becomes walled off	112	35
	Immediate drainage without considering other factors	72	22
	Others	6	2
(6) If IPN is suspected or diagnosed but the course of the disease is less than 4 weeks (the collection is not well demarcated), what is your choice?	Antibiotic therapy alone	5	2
	Catheter drainage when antibiotic therapy is ineffective	51	16
	Antibiotic treatment and immediate drainage, but debride (including endoscopy or laparotomy) after 4 weeks (or wall formation) (including endoscopy or laparotomy)	162	50
	Antibiotic treatment, meanwhile wait until 4 weeks (or wall formation) and then drainage or debridement	79	25
	Immediately debridement (including endoscopy or laparotomy)	16	5
	Others	8	2
(7) If IPN is suspected or diagnosed and the course of the disease has reached 4 weeks (or with WON), what is your first choice?	Antibiotic therapy alone	2	0
	Catheter drainage when antibiotic therapy is ineffective	25	8
	Antibiotic therapy meanwhile catheter drainage. The decision of debridement is made based on the step-up approach	250	78
	Antibiotic therapy meanwhile immediate minimally invasive debridement	25	8
	Antibiotic therapy meanwhile laparotomy debridement and drainage	12	4
	Others	7	2
(8) What is the preferred drainage approach in treating IPN when intervention is considered necessary in your hospital?	Step-up approach with PCD as the initial treatment	162	50
	Step-up approach with endoscopic catheter drainage as the initial treatment	14	4
	Step-up approach with PCD or endoscopic catheter drainage as the initial treatment based on the location of ANC	118	37
	Direct laparotomy debridement and drainage	15	5
	Others	12	4
(9) For walled-off necrosis (WON) with symptoms such as persistent abdominal pain, stomach outlet obstruction, and emaciation, what is your preferred treatment?	Observation without drainage	6	2
	Step-up approach with PCD as the initial treatment	97	30
	Step-up approach with endoscopic catheter drainage as the initial treatment	24	7
	Step-up approach with PCD or endoscopic catheter drainage as the initial treatment based on the location of WON	141	44
	Direct laparotomy debridement and drainage	45	14
	Others	8	3