Table 2.

Markers with Predictive or Prognostic Value for SAP-Associated Cardiac Injury

Symbols	Sample Size	Clinical Implication	P value	References
Antiendotoxin core antibody	45	Assess the severity of acute pancreatitis (edematous/necrotic)	P < 0.05	[139]
	33	Identify patients with SAP complicated with MOF	P < 0.01	[140]
	20	Predict poor outcome in patients with AP	P < 0.01	[141]
HMGB1	80	Determine the intestinal barrier dysfunction and infection in SAP	P < 0.01	[143]
sST2	295	Predict mortality in myocardial infarction patients	P = 0.048	[145
PAP	98	To be an indicator of the course of AP	P < 0.001	[147]
	70	To be a prognostic marker for disease severity in heart failure	P < 0.001	[148]
sTREM-1	48	Correlated with disease severity and early organ dysfunction in patients with AP	P < 0.01	[149]
	838	Associated with all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular event	P < 0.001	[150]
Heart rate variability	41	A good predictor of SAP complicated with IPN and multiple organ dysfunction	P < 0.01	[153]