TABLE 1.
Natural compounds binding to allergens. The table lists only compounds for which experimental confirmation is available
| Types of compounds | Ligands | Allergen family | Allergens | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acids | Arachidic acid | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1 | 25, 65 |
| Lauric acid | Lipocalin | Bos d 5 | 157 | |
| Lauric acid | nsLTP | Pru p 3 | 27, 158 | |
| Myristic acid | SA | Equ c 3 | 159 | |
| Myristic acid | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 25 | |
| Oleic acid | nsLTP | Cor a 8, Jug r 3, Mal d 3, Ole e 7, Pru p 3, Zea m 14 | 27, 102, 104, 107, 108 | |
| Oleic acid | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 25 | |
| Palmitic acid | nsLTP | Pru p 3, Zea m 14 | 27, 160 | |
| Palmitic acid | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1 | 25, 65 | |
| Stearic acid | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 25 | |
| Fatty acids (C12 to C22) | Bla g 1 | Bla g 1 | 15, 28 | |
| Lauric acid | Uteroglobin | Fel d 1 | 152 | |
| Lipo‐oligosaccharides | Lipoteichoic acid | Bla g 1 | Bla g 1 | 15 |
| LPS | NPC2 | Der f 2 | 16 | |
| LPS | NPC2 | Der p 2 | 121 | |
| LPS | nsLTP | Par j 1 | 161 | |
| Lipopeptides | Polymyxin B | LBP | Der p 7 | 134 |
| Oxylipins | Phytoprostane B1 | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 14 |
| Phytoprostane E1 | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 14 | |
| Phytoprostane F1 | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 14 | |
| Ricinoleic acid | nsLTP | Zea m 14 | 107 | |
| Phospholipids | Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine | nsLTP | Ole e 7 | 108 |
| Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol | nsLTP | Ole e 7 | 108 | |
| Dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine | nsLTP | Ole e 7 | 108 | |
| Phosphatidylinositol | Bla g 1 | Bla g 1 | 28 | |
| Phosphatidylserine | Bla g 1 | Bla g 1 | 28 | |
| Phosphatidylcholine | Bla g 1 | Bla g 1 | 28 | |
| Phosphotidylethanolamine | Bla g 1 | Bla g 1 | 15, 28 | |
| Phosphotidylglycerol | Bla g 1 | Bla g 1 | 15, 28 | |
| Sphingosine derivatives | 10‐hydroxy‐camptothecin linked to phytosphingosine | nsLTP | Pru p 3 | 13 |
| Flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives | Apigenin | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1, Que a 1 | 65 |
| Daidzein | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1, Que a 1 | 65 | |
| Epicatechin | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1, Que a 1 | 65 | |
| Genistein | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1, Que a 1 | 65 | |
| Myricetin | PR‐10 | Fra a 1 | 26 | |
| Naringenin | PR‐10 | Bet v 1, Cor a 1 | 25, 63 | |
| Quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide | PR‐10 | Fra a 1 | 162 | |
| Q3O‐(Glc)‐Gala | PR‐10 | Cor a 1 | 29 | |
| Quercetin‐3‐O‐sophoroside | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 24 | |
| Catecholamines and trace amines | Norepinephrine | OBPb | Aed al 2 | 163 |
| Octopamine | Lipocalin | Bla g 4 | 92 | |
| Tyramine | Lipocalin | Blag 4 | 92 | |
| Odorants and pheromones | Limonene‐1,2‐epoxidec | Lipocalin | Rat n 1 | 88 |
| 2‐(sec‐butyl)thiazole | Lipocalin | Mus m 1 | 89 | |
| Steroids | Cholesterol | NPC2 | Der p 2 | 122 |
| Dehydroergosterol | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 25 | |
| Deoxycholate | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 64 | |
| Testosterone | SA | Equ c 3 | 39 | |
| Stigmasterol | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1, Cor a 1, Que a 1 | 65 | |
| Progesterone | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Cor a 1, Que a 1 | 65 | |
| Androstenone | Uteroglobin | Fel d 1 | 152 | |
| Cytokinins | IPAd | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 65 |
| Kinetin | PR‐10 | Bet v 1 | 25 | |
| Zeatin | PR‐10 | Bet v 1, Pru p 1 | 65, 164 | |
| Gibberellins | Gibberellin A3 | PR‐10 | Vig r 6 | 165 |
| Hydroxycinnamic acids | Caffeic acid | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Cor a 1 | 65 |
| Ferulic acid | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Cor a 1 | 65 | |
| Stilbenoids | Resveratrol | PR‐10 | Ara h 8, Bet v 1, Cor a 1 | 62, 65 |
a
Q3O‐(Glc)‐Gal, quercetin‐3‐O‐(2“‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside.
b
Odorant binding protein.
c
It is not clear whether the ligand in the Rat n 1 structure (PDB code: 2AG2) was properly identified.
d
IPA, N‐isopentenyladenosine.