Table 5.
Logistic Regression with Single Attempt at Quitting/ Successful on First Attempt
| Variable | Successful on First Attempt | Successful on First Attempt | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR [95% CI] | P-Value | Adjusted a OR [95% CI] | P-Value | |
| Age Groups | ||||
| 18–30 Years | Reference | Reference | ||
| 31–45 Years | 2.54 (1.48–4.37) | 0.001 | 0.39 (0.12–1.26) | 0.115 |
| 46–60 Years | 1.67 (0.94–2.98) | 0.081 | 1.23 (0.44–3.44) | 0.699 |
| > 60 Years | 1.74 (0.75–4.03) | 0.197 | 0.78 (0.28–2.16) | 0.628 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.76 (0.75–4.14) | 0.197 | 1.28 (0.52–3.18) | 0.593 |
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Monthly Family Income | ||||
| < Rs. 25,000 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Rs. 25,000-Rs. 50,000 | 0.73 (0.38–1.40) | 0.347 | 0.62 (0.32–1.23) | 0.172 |
| Rs. 50,000-Rs. 75,000 | 1.03 (0.56–1.87) | 0.936 | 0.75 (0.37–1.53) | 0.426 |
| > Rs. 75,000 | 1.54 (0.84–2.80) | 0.161 | 1.35 (0.69–2.66) | 0.384 |
| Cigarettes/day before Quitting | ||||
| < 10 Cigarettes | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥ 10 Cigarettes | 0.90 (0.57–1.44) | 0.667 | 0.753 (0.455–1.246) | 0.270 |
| Duration of Smoking (years) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.310 | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.336 |
| Suffered/Suffering from a Smoking-related Health Problem | 1.20 (0.77–1.87) | 0.415 | 0.92 (0.53–1.61) | 0.777 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 2.82 [1.89–4.44] | < 0.001 | 4.47 [2.32–8.61] | 0.001 |
| Unmarried | Reference | Reference | – | |
| Mode of Quitting for Successful Attempt | ||||
| Abrupt Cessation/Cold Turkey | 3.81 [2.37–6.12] | < 0.001 | 4.12 [2.48–6.84] | < 0.001 |
| Gradual Reduction | Reference | Reference | – | |
| Cessation Aid Used | 0.26 [0.16–0.42] | < 0.001 | 0.20 [0.08–0.48] | < 0.001 |
| Major Reasons for Quitting Smoking | ||||
| To Improve/Protect Own Health | 1.23 [0.75–2.02] | 0.411 | 1.17 [0.66–2.07] | 0.584 |
| Family’s Promptings | 0.57 [0.36–0.88] | 0.011 | 0.51 [0.32–0.82] | 0.005 |
| To Improve/Protect Health of Family Member | 1.68 [0.91–3.13] | 0.100 | 1.53 [0.69–3.39] | 0.291 |
| To Save Money | 0.81 [0.44–1.50] | 0.503 | 0.90 [0.45–1.79] | 0.766 |
| Doctors’ Promptings | 0.94 [0.49–1.78] | 0.837 | 0.70 [0.34–1.43] | 0.325 |
| Friends’ Promptings | 0.49 [0.22–1.09] | 0.079 | 0.45 [0.20–1.04] | 0.063 |
| Smoking and Self-Image | ||||
| “To be content with myself, I needed to give up smoking” | 1.22 [0.77–1.93] | 0.392 | 1.35 [0.84–2.19] | 0.217 |
| “I would feel upset with myself whenever I felt the urge to smoke” | 0.88 [0.55–1.40] | 0.582 | 0.82 [0.49–1.37] | 0.451 |
| “My dependency made me feel disappointed in myself” | 0.88 [0.55–1.40] | 0.580 | 0.85 [0.52–1.40] | 0.526 |
| “Smoking contradicted my view of myself as caring and responsible” | 2.59 [1.50–4.46] | 0.001 | 2.69 [1.52–4.77] | 0.001 |
| Smoking and Self-Discipline | ||||
| “I told myself that it is a matter of my own choice to smoke or not” | 1.44 [0.93–2.22] | 0.099 | 1.57 [0.99–2.48] | 0.053 |
| “I told myself that I have the willpower within me to quit” | 1.64 [1.05–2.56] | 0.030 | 1.68 [1.04–2.71] | 0.034 |
| “I told myself that if I try hard enough, I can resist the urge to smoke” | 2.47 [1.41–4.35] | 0.002 | 2.65 [1.45–4.84] | 0.002 |
| “I made self-promises not to smoke” | 0.91 [0.51–1.60] | 0.734 | 1.08 [0.59–2.00] | 0.800 |
| How did you distract yourself when you felt the urge to smoke? | ||||
| Consciously diverting thoughts to other matters | 2.10 [1.33–3.32] | 0.001 | 2.22 [1.35–3.65] | 0.002 |
| Tried to Keep Hands/Fingers Occupied | 0.75 [0.48–1.18] | 0.216 | 0.69 [0.43–1.11] | 0.127 |
| Engaged in Work | 1.36 [0.84–2.20] | 0.206 | 1.20 [0.73–1.99] | 0.472 |
| Engaged in Physical Exercise | 0.61 [0.37–1.01] | 0.053 | 0.65 [0.38–1.09] | 0.103 |
| Engaged in Hobbies | 0.99 [0.58–1.66] | 0.954 | 1.07 [0.62–1.87] | 0.803 |
a adjusted for age, sex, monthly family income, years smoked, cigarettes/day before quitting, suffered from a smoking-related health problem