Table 3.
Descriptive statistics for diabetic patients
| Characteristics | Total (N = 955) | Health service underutilization | Statistics | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 142) | No (N = 813) | ||||
| Predisposing factors | |||||
| Age (years) | 63.26 (8.84) | 61.58 (7.73) | 63.55 (9.00) | 2.453 | 0.014 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 643 (67.33) | 102 (71.83) | 541 (66.54) | 1.536 | 0.215 |
| Male | 312 (32.67) | 40 (28.17) | 272 (33.46) | ||
| Ethnicity | 1.557 | 0.212 | |||
| Han | 706 (73.93) | 111 (78.17) | 595 (73.19) | ||
| Minority | 249 (26.07) | 31 (21.83) | 218 (26.81) | ||
| Marital status | 0.000 | 0.996 | |||
| Other | 175 (18.32) | 26 (18.31) | 149 (18.33) | ||
| Married | 780 (81.68) | 116 (81.69) | 664 (81.67) | ||
| Education attainment | 0.025 | 0.980 | |||
| Primary school or below | 559 (58.60) | 84 (59.15) | 475 (58.50) | ||
| Junior high school | 290 (30.40) | 41 (28.87) | 249 (30.67) | ||
| Senior high school or above | 105 (11.01) | 17 (11.97) | 88 (10.84) | ||
| Enabling factors | |||||
| Income level | 2.852 | 0.004 | |||
| Low | 351 (36.75) | 69 (48.59) | 282 (34.69) | ||
| Middle | 206 (21.57) | 25 (17.61) | 181 (22.26) | ||
| High | 398 (41.68) | 48 (33.80) | 350 (43.05) | ||
| Medical insurance | 10.614 | 0.014 | |||
| No | 2 (0.21) | 1 (0.70) | 1 (0.12) | ||
| Others | 11 (1.15) | 5 (3.52) | 6 (0.74) | ||
| URRMI | 913 (95.60) | 133 (93.66) | 780 (95.94) | ||
| UEBMI | 29 (3.04) | 3 (2.11) | 26 (3.20) | ||
| Regular source of care | 10.028 | 0.002 | |||
| No | 150 (15.72) | 35 (24.65) | 115 (14.16) | ||
| Yes | 804 (84.28) | 107 (75.35) | 697 (85.84) | ||
| Distance to the nearest health facility | −0.009 | 0.993 | |||
| Less than one kilometer | 577 (60.42) | 85 (59.86) | 492 (60.52) | ||
| 1-5 km | 339 (35.50) | 53 (37.32) | 286 (35.18) | ||
| More than 5 km | 39 (4.08) | 4 (2.82) | 35 (4.31) | ||
| Need factors | |||||
| Self-reported health score | 53.16 (22.79) | 46.73 (20.53) | 54.29 (22.99) | 3.671 | < 0.001 |