Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and risk factors associated with IGRA positivity in participants of migrant worker survey (n=3584)
| Characteristics | Total respondents | No (%) positive for LTBI | No (%) negative for LTBI | P value | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
| Crude HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | |||||
| Age group to years | ||||||||
| 20–29 | 2–658 | 480 (18.06) | 2178 (81.94) | <0.001* | Ref | Ref | ||
| 30–39 | 820 | 218 (26.59) | 602 (73.41) | 1.47 (1.25 to 1.73) | <0.001* | 1.33 (1.09 to 1.62) | 0.004* | |
| 40–62 | 106 | 29 (27.36) | 77 (72.64) | 1.51 (1.04 to 2.20) | 0.003* | 1.38 (0.90 to 2.12) | 0.142 | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 1–229 | 278 (22.6) | 951 (77.4) | 0.012* | Ref | Ref | ||
| Male | 2–355 | 449 (19.1) | 1–906 (80.9) | 0.83 (0.72 to 1.0) | 0.017* | 0.89 (0.59 to 1.35) | 0.588 | |
| Country of birth | ||||||||
| Malaysia | 202 | 23 (11.4) | 179 (88.6) | <0.001* | Ref | Ref | ||
| Bangladesh | 369 | 53 (14.4) | 316 (85.6) | 1.26 (0.77 to 2.06) | 0.352 | 1.27 (0.77 to 2.08) | 0.354 | |
| China | 267 | 36 (13.5) | 231 (86.5) | 1.18 (0.70. 2.00) | 0.527 | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.47) | 0.546 | |
| India | 1–486 | 329 (22.1) | 1157 (77.9) | 1.94 (1.27 to 2.97) | 0.002* | 2.24 (1.44 to 3.50) | <0.001* | |
| Indonesia | 641 | 126 (19.7) | 515 (80.3) | 1.73 (1.11 to 2.69) | 0.016* | 1.33 (0.74 to 2.40) | 0.338 | |
| Myanmar | 343 | 73 (21.3) | 270 (78.7) | 1.87 (1.17 to 2.99) | 0.009* | 1.99 (1.13. 3.51) | 0.018* | |
| Philippines | 253 | 84 (33.2) | 169 (66.8) | 2.92 (1.84 to 4.62) | <0.001* | 2.55 (1.41 to 4.60) | 0.002* | |
| Vietnam | 23 | 3 (13.0) | 20 (87.0) | 1.15 (0.34 to 3.82) | 0.825 | 1.54 (0.45 to 5.24) | 0.489 | |
| BMI | ||||||||
| 18.5–22 | 1–778 | 358 (20.1) | 1–420 (79.9) | 0.025* | Ref | Ref | ||
| <18.5 | 489 | 78 (16.0) | 411 (84.0) | 0.79 (0.62 to 1.01) | 0.062 | 0.81 (0.63 to 1.05) | 0.110 | |
| 23–24.9 | 587 | 137 (23.3) | 450 (76.7) | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.41) | 0.142 | 1.12 (0.92 to 1.38) | 0.263 | |
| >25 | 730 | 154 (21.1) | 576 (78.9) | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.27) | 0.629 | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.21) | 0.966 | |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 2– 296 | 409 (17.8) | 1–887 (82.2) | <0.001* | Ref | Ref | ||
| Currently married/domestic partnership | 1–203 | 294 (24.4) | 909 (75.6) | 1.37 (1.18 to 1.59) | <0.001* | 1.36 (1.11 to 1.66) | 0.003* | |
| Divorced/separated | 47 | 16 (34.0) | 31 (66.0) | 1.9 (1.16 to 3.15) | 0.011* | 2.36 (1.38 to 4.02) | 0.002* | |
| Widowed | 38 | 8 (21.1) | 30 (78.9) | 1.18 (0.59 to 2.38) | 0.64 | 1.26 (0.61 to 2.62) | 0.403 | |
| Exposed to TB in household | ||||||||
| No | 3–494 | 702 (20.1) | 2–792 (79.9) | 0.036* | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 56 | 19 (33.9) | 37 (66.1) | 1.69 (1.07 to 2.66) | 0.024* | 1.87 (1.18 to 2.96) | 0.007* | |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| No to not at all | 2–879 | 590 (20.5) | 2–289 (79.5) | 0.508 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Ever smoke | 702 | 136 (24.03) | 566 (75.97) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.14) | 0.555 | 1.26 (1.00 to 1.60) | 0.053 | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Never | 2–582 | 531 (20.6) | 2–051 (79.4) | 0.626 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 909 | 177 (19.5) | 732 (80.5) | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.12) | 0.529 | 0.87 (0.71 to 1.06) | 0.168 | |
* Statistically significant p<0.05
BMI, body mass index; IGRA, interferon-gamma release assay; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; TB, tuberculosis.