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. 2021 Jun 1;49(3):1311–1324. doi: 10.1042/BST20200986

Figure 3. Canonical vs non-canonical inflammatory caspases signalling.

Figure 3.

(A) PRRs recognise recognise DAMPs and PAMPs to activate the canonical inflammasome. This results in the activation of caspase-1 which cleaves GSDMD leading to pore formation and pyroptosis. Caspase-1 also activates pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1b, which are release during pyroptosis and other substrates with unknown functional consequences (protein X). (B) Intracellular LPS from Gram negative bacteria activates the non-canonical inflammasome. GBPs aid the activation of caspase-4 and -5 by LPS. Caspase-4 and -5 cleave GSDMD, inducing pyroptosis, and other substrates with unknown functional consequences (protein X).