Table 1.
Baseline demographics and admission details of all patients and comparison of different cohorts
| All patients n = 221 |
ICU n = 44 |
Non-ICU n = 177 |
ICU vs. non ICU p value |
Non-ICU FU n = 38 |
Non-ICU no FU n = 139 |
Non ICU FU vs. non-ICU no FU p value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 0.733 | 0.349 | |||||
| Male | 135 (61%) | 28 (64%) | 107 (60%) | 26 (68%) | 81 (58%) | ||
| Female | 86 (39%) | 16 (36%) | 70 (40%) | 12 (32%) | 58 (42%) | ||
| Age (average years) | 58 | 54 | 59 | 0.033 | 59 | 58 | 0.825 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.466 | 0.460 | |||||
| White | 172 (78%) | 33 (75%) | 139 (79%) | 32 (84%) | 107 (77%) | ||
| Asian | 31 (14%) | 9 (20%) | 22 (12%) | 4 (11%) | 18 (13%) | ||
| Black | 9 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 8 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (6%) | ||
| Other | 9 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 8 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 6 (4%) | ||
| BMI (average) | 30.0 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 0.898 | 30.3 | 30.0 | 0.815 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.488 | 0.040 | |||||
| Never smoked | 139 (63%) | 30(68%) | 109 (62%) | 18 (47%) | 91 (65%) | ||
| Ex- or current smoker | 81 (37%) | 14 (32%) | 67 (38%) | 20 (53%) | 47 (34%) | ||
| Co-morbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| HTN | 74 (33%) | 17 (39%) | 57 (32%) | 0.476 | 13 (34%) | 44 (32%) | 0.698 |
| Asthma | 43 (19%) | 13 (30%) | 30 (17%) | 0.087 | 7 (18%) | 23 (17%) | 0.809 |
| COPD | 19 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (11%) | 0.016 | 7 (18%) | 12 (9%) | 0.134 |
| DM | 36 (16%) | 11 (25%) | 25 (14%) | 0.108 | 11 (29%) | 14 (10%) | 0.007 |
| CVD | 19 (9%) | 2 (5%) | 17 (10%) | 0.378 | 5 (13%) | 12 (9%) | 0.369 |
| ≥ 2 co-morbidities | 53 (24%) | 13 (30%) | 40 (23%) | 0.331 | 12 (32%) | 28 (20%) | 0.188 |
| Prescribed ICS, n (%) | 51 (23%) | 11 (25%) | 40 (23%) | 0.695 | 13 (34%) | 27 (19%) | 0.078 |
| Length of stay (average days) | 13 | 45 | 6 | < 0.0001 | 8 | 5 | 0.0176 |
| Need for supplemental oxygen, n (%) | 168 (76%) | 44 (100%) | 124 (70%) | < 0.0001 | 30 (79%) | 94 (68%) | 0.231 |
| Max FiO2 (average %) | 42 | 74 | 35 | < 0.0001 | 39 | 34 | 0.141 |
Comparison is made between the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU cohorts. Additional comparison is made within the non-ICU cohort between those requiring further follow-up due to persistent symptoms or persistent radiographic change on chest X ray at 8 weeks post-discharge (non-ICU FU) and those discharged from the follow-up programme at 8 weeks due to resolution of symptoms and normalisation of the chest radiograph (non-ICU no FU). Prescribed ICS indicates patients who were prescribed inhaled corticosteroids for airways disease prior to admission with COVID. Statistical difference between the cohorts was assessed using the Fishers exact test, student's t test, chi-squared test or Mann–Whitney test and a p value of < 0.05 is denoted as statistically significant and shown in italics
HTN hypertension, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DM diabetes mellitus, CVD cardiovascular disease, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen