Table 1. Demographic characteristics and perioperative factors of patients (N=236).
| Variables | n (%) |
| BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; LOT-R, Life Orientation Test-Revised; PPT, pressure pain threshold; CPT, cold pain threshold; HPT, heat pain threshold; *, pulmonary diseases include COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bullae, and old pulmonary tuberculosis; *, cerebral diseases include old cerebral infarction, transient cerebral ischemia, and old cerebral hemorrhage. | |
Age (
) (year)
|
60.31±9.93 |
| Gender: Female | 70 (29.7) |
BMI (
) (kg/m2)
|
23.52±3.20 |
| Smoking | 79 (33.5) |
| Drinking | 52 (22.0) |
| Education level [median (IQR)] (year) | 12 (9−15) |
| ASA grade | |
| I | 21 (8.9) |
| II | 211 (89.4) |
| III | 4 (1.7) |
| Preoperative complications | |
| Coronary heart disease | 14 (5.9) |
| Hypertension | 72 (30.5) |
| Arrhythmia | 30 (12.7) |
| Pulmonary disease* | 15 (6.4) |
| Diabetes | 30 (12.7) |
| Cerebral disease** | 11 (4.7) |
| Other (nephropathy, infectious diseases, rheumatoid) | 14 (5.9) |
| Operation type | |
| Laparoscopic gastrectomy | 89 (37.7) |
| Open gastrectomy | 147 (62.3) |
| Range of gastrectomy | |
| Total gastrectomy | 79 (33.5) |
| Distal or proximal gastrectomy | 157 (66.5) |
| Operative duration [median (IQR)] (min) | 188 (160−224) |
Blood loss (
) (mL)
|
78.39±62.73 |
Crystal liquid volume (
) (mL)
|
1,670.13±384.61 |
Colloidal fluid volume (
) (mL)
|
646.61±256.05 |
Preoperative anxiety score (
)
|
3.74±3.72 |
Preoperative depression score (
)
|
3.40±3.21 |
LOT-R score (
)
|
6.91±3.83 |
| Preoperative pain threshold | |
| PPT [median (IQR)] (g) | 6.00 (4.00−8.00) |
| CPT (s) | 10.85 (6.70−18.42) |
| HPT (s) | 7.85 (4.90−20.00) |