Table 3. Univariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative pain.
| Variables | No. | Occurrence of postoperative pain [n (%)] | Univariate analysis | |
| OR (95% CI) | P | |||
| BMI, body mass index; LOT-R, Life Orientation Test-Revised; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; PPT, pressure pain threshold; CPT, cold pain threshold; HPT, heat pain threshold. | ||||
| Age (year) | 0.643 | |||
| ≥65 | 90 | 31 (34.4) | Reference | |
| <65 | 146 | 52 (35.6) | 1.14 (0.66−1.98) | |
| Gender | 0.013 | |||
| Male | 166 | 50 (30.1) | Reference | |
| Female | 70 | 33 (47.1) | 2.07 (1.17−3.68) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.113 | |||
| ≥28 | 24 | 12 (50.0) | 1.99 (0.85−4.64) | |
| <28 | 212 | 71 (33.5) | Reference | |
| Smoking | 0.096 | |||
| Yes | 79 | 22 (27.8) | 0.61 (0.34−1.09) | |
| No | 157 | 61 (38.9) | Reference | |
| Drinking | 0.924 | |||
| Yes | 52 | 18 (34.6) | 0.97 (0.51−1.85) | |
| No | 184 | 65 (35.3) | Reference | |
| Education level | − | − | 1.04 (0.96−1.11) | 0.340 |
| Operation type | 0.448 | |||
| Open gastrectomy | 147 | 49 (33.3) | 0.81 (0.47−1.40) | |
| Laparoscopic gastrectomy | 89 | 34 (38.2) | Reference | |
| Range of gastrectomy | 0.008 | |||
| Total gastrectomy | 79 | 37 (46.8) | 2.13 (1.21−3.72) | |
| Distal or proximal gastrectomy | 157 | 46 (29.3) | Reference | |
| Operative duration | − | − | 1.00 (0.99−1.01) | 0.310 |
| Preoperative anxiety score | 0.003 | |||
| ≥8 | 41 | 23 (56.1) | 2.88 (1.45−5.72) | |
| <8 | 195 | 60 (30.8) | Reference | |
| Preoperative depression score | 0.185 | |||
| ≥8 | 23 | 11 (47.8) | 1.80 (0.76−4.27) | |
| <8 | 213 | 72 (33.8) | Reference | |
| LOT-R score | − | − | 0.95 (0.89−1.02) | 0.152 |
| PPT (g) | 0.001 | |||
| ≤4 | 70 | 36 (51.4) | 2.68 (1.51−4.78) | |
| >4 | 166 | 47 (28.3) | Reference | |
| CPT (s) | 0.024 | |||
| ≤6.7 | 59 | 28 (47.5) | 2.00 (1.10−3.66) | |
| >6.7 | 177 | 55 (31.1) | Reference | |
| HPT (s) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤4.9 | 61 | 33 (54.1) | 2.95 (1.62−5.37) | |
| >4.9 | 175 | 50 (28.6) | Reference | |