Table 3.

GATE for the loose employment measure

Source: The Labor Force Survey (MIC)

group	February	March	April	May	June
95–100%	− 0.005 (0.013)	0.012 (0.013)	− 0.032 (0.016)**	0.016 (0.018)	0.062 (0.018)***
90–95%	− 0.018 (0.008)**	− 0.012 (0.008)	− 0.004 (0.01)	−0.014 (0.011)	0.007 (0.009)
85–90%	0.003 (0.007)	− 0.010 (0.008)	− 0.014 (0.009)	0.008 (0.007)	0.001 (0.008)
80–85%	− 0.002 (0.005)	0.010 (0.007)	− 0.005 (0.008)	0.000 (0.007)	− 0.005 (0.006)
75–80%	− 0.001 (0.006)	0.007 (0.006)	− 0.006 (0.005)	0.002 (0.006)	0.002 (0.007)
70–75%	− 0.011 (0.005)**	0.002 (0.006)	− 0.006 (0.005)	0.001 (0.004)	0.003 (0.006)
65–70%	0.000 (0.005)	0.003 (0.005)	− 0.002 (0.007)	0.001 (0.004)	− 0.002 (0.004)
60–65%	0.004 (0.003)	− 0.004 (0.004)	0.000 (0.008)	0.002 (0.004)	− 0.004 (0.004)
55–60%	− 0.006 (0.003)*	0.009 (0.006)	− 0.004 (0.008)	0.004 (0.007)	0.001 (0.005)
50–55%	0.004 (0.004)	0.012 (0.006)*	− 0.016 (0.008)**	− 0.001 (0.006)	− 0.001 (0.006)
45–50%	− 0.010 (0.004)***	0.003 (0.005)	− 0.004 (0.008)	− 0.005 (0.006)	− 0.007 (0.005)
40–45%	0.002 (0.003)	0.006 (0.006)	0.001 (0.009)	− 0.008 (0.007)	– 0.007 (0.007)
35–40%	0.002 (0.006)	− 0.020 (0.008)**	− 0.008 (0.01)	− 0.010 (0.009)	−0.003 (0.006)
30–35%	0.002 (0.007)	− 0.007 (0.007)	− 0.023 (0.01)**	− 0.016 (0.009)*	− 0.008 (0.006)
25–30%	0.003 (0.007)	0.001 (0.009)	− 0.038 (0.012)***	0.001 (0.008)	− 0.001 (0.007)
20–25%	− 0.007 (0.007)	− 0.004 (0.009)	− 0.013 (0.014)	− 0.011 (0.009)	0.015 (0.008)*
15–20%	− 0.001 (0.01)	0.002 (0.01)	− 0.077 (0.014)***	− 0.001 (0.01)	0.004 (0.009)
10–15%	0.011 (0.011)	− 0.017 (0.013)	− 0.089 (0.017)***	− 0.010 (0.01)	− 0.011 (0.009)
5–10%	0.007 (0.011)	− 0.017 (0.013)	− 0.131 (0.018)***	− 0.019 (0.011)*	− 0.005 (0.012)
0–5%	− 0.042 (0.018)**	− 0.040 (0.02)**	− 0.222 (0.023)***	− 0.050 (0.019)***	− 0.030 (0.017)*

This table shows the group average difference with the loose employment measure in each month. The difference are estimated from Eq. 6 by the AIPW estimator using the data from February 2019 to June 2020. We refer to the employment measure inclusive of workers who are absent from work as the loose employment measure. ${}^{\ast }$ $\mathit{p}<0.1$, ${}^{\ast \ast }$ $\mathit{p}<0.05$, ${}^{\ast \ast \ast }$ $\mathit{p}<0.01$