Table 3.

Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and body composition parameters of the study cohort before COVID-19 pandemic stratified by change in muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores.

Parameter	Better	Stable	Worse	p value
	delta-MFR z-score > 0.3	−0.3 ≤ delta-MFR z-score ≤ 0.3	delta-MFR z-score < −0.3
Number	70 (31.8)	110 (50)	40 (18.2)
Male, n (%)	38 (34.9)	51 (46.8)	20 (18.3)	0.583
Age, years	10.3 ± 3.5	10.8 ± 3.1	11.6 ± 2.6	0.114
Socioeconomic position, cluster	8 [7, 9]	8 [7, 9]	8 [7, 9]	0.686
Socioeconomic position, index	1.532 [0.789, 1.985]	1.463 [0.872, 1.919]	1.271 [0.736, 1.748]	0.339
Height, z-scores	−0.67 [−1.39, 0.22]	−0.34 [−1.32, 0.60]	−0.81 [−1.49, 1.04]	0.293
Body mass index, z-scores	−0.44 [−1.49, 0.54]	0.11 [−1.18, 1.46]	−0.04 [−1.24, 1.15]	0.085
Delta body mass index, z-scores	−0.03 [−0.28, 0.18]a	0.09 [−0.10, 0.27]b	0.29 [−0.02, 0.50]c	<0.001
Fat percentage	21.5 [18.1, 25.7]a,b	23.3 [18.9, 29.8]b	20.1 [14.2, 29.2]a	0.050
Truncal fat percentage	16.8 [13.8, 20.8]a	17.6 [14.2, 25.5]a	14.7 [9.7, 23.5]b	0.026
Muscle-to-fat ratio, z-scores	−0.73 ± 0.88a	−0.63 ± 0.90a	0.16 ± 1.13b	<0.001
Delta muscle-to-fat ratio, z-scores	0.69 ± 0.37a	0.04 ± 0.16b	−0.61 ± 0.31c	<0.001

The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, number (percent) and median [interquartile range]. Socioeconomic position was determined by cluster of localities of residence, ranging from 1 to 10; with 1 being the lowest rating and 10 the highest. The SEP index is an adjusted calculation of 14 variables that measure social and economic levels in the domains of demographics, education, standard of living, and employment (ranging from the lowest −2.797 to the highest 2.590). The values with different superscript letters (a, b) in a column are significantly different from each other in pairwise comparisons (p ≤ 0.05). Bold indicates statistical significance.