Table 5.
Subgroup analyses of the associations between tomato or lycopene intake and total mortality were performed based on sex, smoking status, and BMI.
| Variables | Group | Raw tomato | P for interaction | Tomato catsup | P for interaction | Lycopene | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Q1 | Reference group | >0.05 | >0.05 | >0.05 | ||
| Q2 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00), p = 0.056 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03), p = 0.296 | 0.95 (0.90–1.01), p = 0.097 | ||||
| Q3 | 0.94 (0.89–0.99), p = 0.021 | 0.92 (0.87–0.98), p = 0.006 | 0.93 (0.88–0.99), p = 0.017 | ||||
| Q4 | 0.90 (0.86–0.96), p < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.90–0.99), p = 0.023 | 0.91 (0.86–0.97), p = 0.002 | ||||
| Q5 | 0.95 (0.90–1.00), p = 0.059 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98), p = 0.007 | 1.01 (0.95–1.08), p = 0.671 | ||||
| Female | Q1 | Reference group | |||||
| Q2 | 0.97 (0.90–1.03), p = 0.308 | 0.92 (0.87–0.98), p = 0.004 | 0.88 (0.83–0.94), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q3 | 0.91 (0.85–0.97), p = 0.004 | 0.89 (0.84–0.94), p < 0.001 | 0.87 (0.81–0.93), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q4 | 0.92 (0.86–0.99), p = 0.017 | 0.93 (0.85–1.00), p = 0.064 | 0.85 (0.79–0.91), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q5 | 0.96 (0.89–1.03), p = 0.235 | 0.94 (0.88–1.01), p = 0.110 | 0.95 (0.87–1.03), p = 0.192 | ||||
| Never smokers | Q1 | Reference group | >0.05 | 0.035 | >0.05 | ||
| Q2 | 0.93 (0.87–0.99), p = 0.027 | 0.93 (0.87–0.99), p = 0.031 | 0.88 (0.83–0.94), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q3 | 0.89 (0.83–0.95), p < 0.001 | 0.91 (0.85–0.97), p = 0.003 | 0.87 (0.81–0.93), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q4 | 0.88 (0.82–0.94), p < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.87–1.00), p = 0.051 | 0.85 (0.79–0.92), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q5 | 0.93 (0.87–1.01), p = 0.075 | 0.95 (0.89–1.02), p = 0.132 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02), p = 0.148 | ||||
| Current smokers | Q1 | Reference group | |||||
| Q2 | 1.05 (0.96–1.16), p = 0.296 | 1.05 (0.94–1.16), p = 0.396 | 0.93 (0.84–1.03), p = 0.168 | ||||
| Q3 | 0.96 (0.86–1.07), p = 0.441 | 0.94 (0.84–1.04), p = 0.223 | 0.92 (0.82–1.03), p = 0.133 | ||||
| Q4 | 1.03 (0.92–1.14), p = 0.609 | 0.89 (0.80–0.99), p = 0.035 | 0.89 (0.79–1.00), p = 0.046 | ||||
| Q5 | 0.97 (0.87–1.09), p = 0.668 | 0.98 (0.88–1.09), p = 0.713 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08), p = 0.463 | ||||
| Former smokers | Q1 | Reference group | |||||
| Q2 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01), p = 0.074 | 0.92 (0.87–0.98), p = 0.006 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01), p = 0.083 | ||||
| Q3 | 0.94 (0.89–1.00), p = 0.044 | 0.89 (0.84–0.95), p < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.87–0.98), p = 0.014 | ||||
| Q4 | 0.90 (0.84–0.95), p < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98), p = 0.013 | 0.91 (0.85–0.97), p = 0.005 | ||||
| Q5 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01), p = 0.125 | 0.89 (0.84–0.95), p < 0.001 | 1.04 (0.97–1.12), p = 0.288 | ||||
| BMI <25.0 kg/m2 | Q1 | Reference group | >0.05 | >0.05 | >0.05 | ||
| Q2 | 0.94 (0.88–1.01), p = 0.076 | 0.90 (0.84–0.96), p = 0.002 | 0.87 (0.82–0.93), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q3 | 0.88 (0.82–0.94), p < 0.001 | 0.89 (0.84–0.96), p = 0.001 | 0.88 (0.82–0.94), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q4 | 0.92 (0.85–0.98), p = 0.017 | 0.90 (0.84–0.97), p = 0.004 | 0.84 (0.77–0.90), p < 0.001 | ||||
| Q5 | 0.90 (0.83–0.97), p = 0.007 | 0.94 (0.87–1.01), p = 0.109 | 0.96 (0.88–1.05), p = 0.343 | ||||
| BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 | Q1 | Reference group | |||||
| Q2 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02), p = 0.220 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02), p = 0.265 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00), p = 0.069 | ||||
| Q3 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00), p = 0.053 | 0.92 (0.88–0.97), p = 0.002 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98), p = 0.008 | ||||
| Q4 | 0.91 (0.87–0.96), p < 0.001 | 0.96 (0.91–1.01), p = 0.087 | 0.92 (0.87–0.97), p = 0.004 | ||||
| Q5 | 0.98 (0.93–1.04), p = 0.490 | 0.95 (0.90–1.00), p = 0.037 | 1.03 (0.97–1.09), p = 0.336 |
BMI, body mass index.