Table 3.
Multivariable Cox regression model for association of healthy lifestyle factors and all-cause mortality for man and woman.
| Lifestyle factors | Men | Women | P for interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||
| MDS | 0.846 | ||||
| Lowest 3 quintiles | Ref. | - | Ref. | - | |
| Highest 2 quintiles | 0.721 (0.556–0.934) | 0.013 | 0.775 (0.661–0.91) | 0.002 | |
| Alcohol intake | 0.451 | ||||
| Not moderate | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Moderate | 0.924 (0.846–1.008) | 0.074 | 0.904 (0.821–0.996) | 0.041 | |
| Body mass index | 0.002 | ||||
| <18.5 or ≥ 25 kg/m2 | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 0.956 (0.794–1.150) | 0.634 | 0.644 (0.534–0.777) | <0.001 | |
| Physical activity | 0.946 | ||||
| <15 MET-hour/week | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| ≥15 MET-hour/week | 0.795 (0.695–0.908) | 0.001 | 0.730 (0.623–0.854) | <0.001 | |
| Consuming coffee | 0.037 | ||||
| <2 servings/day | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| ≥ 2 servings/day | 0.898 (0.787–1.025) | 0.112 | 0.795 (0.690–0.916) | 0.001 | |
| Smoking | 0.783 | ||||
| Former or current | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| Never | 0.653 (0.560–0.762) | <0.001 | 0.780 (0.687–0.884) | <0.001 | |
Moderate alcohol intake was defined as consuming 5–15 grams of alcohol per day for women and 5–30 grams per day for men. Multivariable Cox regression models were adjusted by age, sex, race, education (< high school, high school, or >high school), annual household income (<16,000, 16,000–35,000, >35 000 US$), heart rate, systolic blood pressure, total calorie intake, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and blood glucose. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MDS, Mediterranean diet score.