Table 3.

Troponin and immune checkpoint inhibitor studies

Authors	Patient number	ICI	Major findings concerning troponins
Waliany et al.37	214	Not specified (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4)	24 patients had positive hs-TnI (≥55 ng/l) levels, whereas 3 had myocarditis. In the other 21 patients these values were attributed to type 2 NSTEMI secondary to other etiologies
Petricciuolo et al.33	30	Pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab	A baseline hs-TnT ≥ 14 ng/l was found to be a good predictor for cardiovascular death, stroke or transient ischemic attack, pulmonary embolism, nonfatal myocardial infarction, new-onset heart failure, and also progression of cardiac involvement at 3 months
Lee Chuy et al.35	76	Ipilimumab + nivolumab	Minimally detectable nondiagnostic TnI levels (≥0.01 ng/ml to <0.06 ng/ml) were seen in 13 patients. None developed clinical or subclinical myocarditis or MACE
Sarocchi et al.36	59	Nivolumab	Hs-TnI levels above the ULN (0.046 ng/ml) were seen in seven patients, one at baseline and six during treatment. In only one patient this was interpreted as subclinical ICI-induced myocarditis

CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4; hs-TnT, high-sensitivity troponin T; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1; ULN, upper limit of normal.