Table 4.

Names and Examples of Error Tags.

Phonetic
Stimulus	Participant response
You knew about the clip	You knew about the click
The ship’s captain summoned his crew	The shift captain summoned his crew
Semantic
The bride wore a white veil	The bride wore a white gown
We heard the ticking of the clock	We heard the chicken and the cluck
Phonetic and Semantic
We are considering the cheers	We are sitting in the chairs
We shipped the furniture by truck	We sent the furniture by truck
Syntax
Tighten the belt by a notch	I’m thinking about buying a watch
The swimmer dove into the pool	Swim with Doug into the pool
Segmentation
A bicycle has two wheels	The bus only has two wheels
The dealer shuffled the cards	The dealership sold the cards
Article/pronoun
We heard the ticking of the clock	He heard the ticking of the clock
Her entry should win first prize	The entry should win first prize
Total guess
The fruit was shipped in wooden crates	The machines were shipped in wooden crates
Ruth poured the water down the drain	Ruth paddled across the bay
More plausible
He’s glad you called about the jar	He’s glad you could open the jar
We are considering the sheers	We are considering the choice
Nonsense
Mary wore her hair in braids	May what we get in days
The glass had a chip on the rim	The glass had a check with the wind

Note: Bold text refers to word substitutions that represent the specific named error pattern.