Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical comparison of women and men in the study sample.
| Women | Men | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean or % |
SD | N | Mean or % |
SD | t or X2 | df | p | Cohen’s d | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||||||||
| Age at baseline visit (years) | 552 | 61.5 | 22.0 | 538 | 66.0 | 20.3 | −3.51 | 1088 | <0.001 | −0.21 |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 403 | 73.1 | 421 | 78.5 | 4.33 | 1 | 0.04 | |||
| Education (%) | 20.0 | 1 | <0.001 | |||||||
| High School & below | 79 | 14.5 | 56 | 10.5 | ||||||
| Some college to bachelor degree | 367 | 67.3 | 321 | 60.1 | ||||||
| Post-graduate degree | 99 | 18.2 | 157 | 29.4 | ||||||
| Household income (%) | 14.2 | 2 | 0.001 | |||||||
| <$35,000 | 143 | 28.9 | 100 | 19.8 | ||||||
| $35,000–$74,999 | 161 | 32.5 | 160 | 31.7 | ||||||
| $75,000+ | 191 | 38.6 | 245 | 48.5 | ||||||
| Marital status (% marriage-like relationship) | 255 | 46.6 | 384 | 71.5 | 70.9 | 1 | <0.001 | |||
| Currently employed (% no) | 411 | 75.0 | 377 | 70.6 | 2.65 | 1 | 0.10 | |||
| Smoking (% ever) | 189 | 34.2 | 264 | 49.1 | 24.7 | 1 | <0.001 | |||
| Alcohol use | 20.0 | 3 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Lifetime abstainers | 84 | 15.9 | 66 | 12.6 | ||||||
| Infrequent drinkers | 290 | 55.0 | 241 | 45.9 | ||||||
| Regular drinkers | 90 | 17.1 | 144 | 27.4 | ||||||
| Former drinkers | 63 | 12.0 | 74 | 14.1 | ||||||
| Psychopathology | ||||||||||
| Anxiety (BSIA) | 541 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 529 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.98 | 1068 | 0.003 | 0.18 |
| Depression (CESD) | 529 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 526 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 1.65 | 1053 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Compassion measures | ||||||||||
| CTS (Neff Scale) | 531 | 41.4 | 8.0 | 515 | 42.5 | 7.2 | −2.22 | 1044 | 0.03 | −0.14 |
| CTO (SCBCS) | 539 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 527 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 6.93 | 1064 | <.001 | 0.42 |
| Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Physical well-being (SF-36) | 533 | 46.8 | 11.1 | 520 | 47.1 | 10.6 | −0.35 | 1051 | 0.73 | −0.02 |
| Mental well-being (SF-36) | 533 | 52.5 | 9.5 | 520 | 54.2 | 7.3 | −3.19 | 1051 | 0.001 | −0.20 |
| Loneliness (UCLA) | 318 | 36.4 | 10.5 | 319 | 36.7 | 10.3 | −0.36 | 635 | 0.72 | −0.03 |
BSIA Brief Symptom Inventory – Anxiety subscale, CESD Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CTO compassion toward others, CTS Compassion toward self, SCBCS Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale, SF-36 36-item Short Form Survey, UCLA UCLA Loneliness Scale [assessed only at follow-up].