Table 3.

Effects on low back pain, activity limitations and adverse events of biological intervertebral disc therapies versus placebo.

Authors	Intervention	Comparator	N	Pain intensity (SMD) at short term	Activity limitations (SMD) at short term	Major AE (OR)	Minor AE (OR)
Cohen et al. 37	Etanercept	Saline IDT	36	0.67 (−0.23; 1.56)	0.86 (−0.04; 1.77)	NR	NR
Sainoh et al. 36	Etanercept	Bupivacaine IDT	77	−0.48 (−0.99; 0.04)	−0.21 (−0.72; 0.30)	0	0
Sainoh et al. 12	Tocillizumab	Bupivacaine IDT	60	−0.71 (−1.23; −0.18)	−0.97 (−1.50; −0.43)	3.10 (0.12; 79.23)	0

AE, adverse events; IDT, intervertebral disc therapies; NR, not reported; OR, odds ratio; SMD, standardized mean differences.