. 2021 Jul 16;13:1759720X211028001. doi: 10.1177/1759720X211028001

Table 4.

Effects on low back pain, activity limitations and adverse events of other intervertebral disc therapies versus placebo.

Authors	Intervention	Comparator	N	Pain intensity (SMD)	Activity limitations (SMD)	Major AE (OR)	Minor AE (OR)
NCT01124006³⁹; NCT01182337³⁸	rhGDF5	Excipient IDT	55	Long term : −0.07 (−0.76; 0.62)	Long term: −0.01 (−0.58; 0.55)	1.48 (0.30; 7.35)	1.56 (0.37; 6.68)
Elawamy et al.⁴⁴; Niu et al.⁴⁵	Ozone	Ozone IDT (other dosage) Usual care	60 80	Short term: 0.20 (−0.51; 0.91) Long term: 0.30 (−2.21; 0.91) Long term: −0.62 (−2.43; 1.20)	Short term: 0.10 (−0.19; 0.39) Long term: −0.04 (−0.19; 0.11)	NR NR	NR NR
Kotilainen et al.⁴³	Glycerol	Anesthetic IDT	11	Short term: −0.03 (−1.56; 1.50)	Short term: 0.19 (−1.34; 1.73)	NR	NR
Tuakli et al.⁴⁰	PRP	Contrast IDT	47	Short term: −0.27 (−0.86; 0.32)	Short term: −0.05 (−0.64; 0.53)	NR	NR
Noriega et al.⁴¹	Stems cells	IM anesthetic	72	Short term: 0.68 (−0.15; 1.51) Intermediate term: −0.10 (−0.90; 0.70) Long term: −0.37 (−1.37; 0.44)	Short term: 0.41 (−0.40; 1.22) Intermediate term: −0.49 (−1.31; 0.32) Long term: −0.44 (−1.25; 0.37)	0	0.17 (0.03; 0.98)
Peng et al.¹⁵	Methylen blue	Anesthetic IDT	71	Long term: −2.57 (−3.51; 1.93)	Long term: −3.18 (−3.89; 2.47)	NR	NR
Kallewaard et al.¹³	Methylen blue	Saline + lidocaine + constrast IDT	81	Short term: −0.18 (−0.62; 0.25) Intermediate term: −0.12 (−0.56; 0.32) Long term: −1.32 (−3.37; 1.11)	Short term: −0.28 (−0.72; 0.16) Intermediate term: −0.08 (−0.51; 0.36) Long term: −0.13 (−0.57; 0.32)	5.39 (0.25; 115.86)	NC
Feldman et al.⁴²	Chymopapaïn	Distilled water IDT	38	Short term: ↘ 55% versus 26% Intermediate term: ↘ 65% versus 42%	short term : ↘ 36 % versus 19 %	0.43 (0.12; 1.59)	0.28 (0.01; 7.44)

AE, adverse events; IDT, intervertebral disc therapies; IM, intramuscular; NR, Not Reported; OR, odds ratio; SMD, standardized mean differences.