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. 2021 Jul 5;12:693149. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693149

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Copyright © 2021 Krick, Helton, Easter, Bollenbecker, Denson, Zaharias, Cochran, Vang, Harris, Wells and Barnes

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Reduced extracellular sialylation in HBEs following 3, 6 and 15-day CSE exposure. (A) Relative mRNA expression of ST6GAL1 at times indicated without (CTRL) and with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). (B–D) Flow cytometric histogram showing levels of α2-6 sialylation for HBECs cultured for 3, 6, and 15 days without (CTRL) and with (CSE). Ten thousand events were collected for each group, analyzed by SNA-FITC staining, and shown as the geometric mean of the values. Experiments were performed in triplicate and three separate experiments. SNA, Sambucus Nigra Lectin; and CSE, cigarette smoke extract. All bar graphs are means ± SEM with *p < 0.05.