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. 2021 Jul 5;12:693149. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693149

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Copyright © 2021 Krick, Helton, Easter, Bollenbecker, Denson, Zaharias, Cochran, Vang, Harris, Wells and Barnes

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Circulating ST6GAL1 levels are lower in COPD patients and correlate with poor outcomes. (A) GOLD group status 1-4 and associated levels of ST6GAL1 in a COPD patient cohort. Circulating levels of ST6GAL1 (B) and IL-6 (C) and their respective association with acute exacerbations in COPD. Patients were classified based on severity of the COPD using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines (30846476), which are as follows: GOLD 1: Mild (FEV1 >= 80% predicted); GOLD 2: Mod (FEV1 between 50 and 79% predicted); GOLD 3: Severe (FEV1 between 30 and 49% predicted); and GOLD 4: Very severe (FEV1 <30% predicted). Shown are the mean ± SEM, where n = subjects per group. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.