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. 2021 Jul 19;13:118. doi: 10.1186/s13073-021-00933-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. A Number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in cell types across three brain regions. Up- and downregulated genes are shown in different colors. Cell types are ranked by the total number of DEGs across three brain regions. Cell types with no more than 10 DEGs in any brain region are omitted. B Gene set activity scores of PFC microglia. The four most significant pathways among 186 KEGG gene sets are shown. The shade of a violin indicates the median activity score of each individual. C Ten differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) in four upregulated pathways are shown. The size of a circle shows the relative weight of a gene that contributed to the activity of a pathway. The relative weight is estimated as the ratio of the expression level of a gene to the sum of expression of all genes in the pathway. Colors show the log fold change