TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the subjects.
| Variables | Total (n = 3,573) | Male (n = 1,533) | Female (n = 2,040) |
| Age (years) | 71.6 ± 4.6 | 71.5 ± 4.5 | 71.8 ± 4.6 |
| Height (cm) | 156.9 ± 9.0 | 165.0 ± 5.7 | 150.9 ± 5.7 |
| Body weight (kg) | 58.6 ± 10.0 | 63.3 ± 9.4 | 55.1 ± 9.0 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 23.2 ± 2.9 | 24.2 ± 3.4 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.9 ± 17.6 | 128.0 ± 17.4 | 131.2 ± 17.6 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.1 ± 9.8 | 74.5 ± 9.8 | 75.5 ± 9.8 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.0 ± 9.4 | 84.9 ± 8.9 | 83.4 ± 9.7 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 104.0 ± 26.6 | 104.9 ± 28.5 | 103.4 ± 25.0 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 45.6 ± 10.9 | 44.9 ± 11.6 | 46.1 ± 10.3 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 144.6 ± 91.8 | 141.2 ± 100.4 | 1,47.2 ± 84.6 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 1,583 (44.3) | 477 (31.1) | 1,106 (54.2) |
| Education (%) | |||
| ≤ Elementary school | 2,544 (71.2) | 782 (51.0) | 1,763 (86.4) |
| Middle school | 414 (11.6) | 281 (18.3) | 137 (6.7) |
| High school | 407 (11.4) | 293 (19.1) | 114 (5.6) |
| ≥College | 207 (5.8) | 179 (11.7) | 27 (1.3) |
| Alcohol (%) | 2,448 (68.5) | 1,343 (87.6) | 1,106 (54.2) |
| Smoking (%) | 1,483 (41.5) | 1,268 (82.7) | 216 (10.6) |
| Osteoporosis prevalence (%) | 1,341 (37.5) | 185 (12.1) | 1,179 (57.8) |
| Sarcopenia prevalence (%) | 568 (15.9) | 357 (23.3) | 210 (10.3) |
| Obesity prevalence (%) | 1,022 (28.6) | 164 (10.7) | 857 (42.0) |
| Sarcopenic obesity prevalence (%) | 164 (4.6) | 63 (4.1) | 102 (5.0) |
Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.