Table 4.
Intervention implementation, knowledge of HIV care and prevention services, and social harms and stigma by arm
| HIVST intervention | SOC | |||||
| n/N | Overall % | Cluster geometric mean % | n/N | Overall % | Cluster geometric mean % | |
| HIVST use | ||||||
| Ever used ST (% population) | 657/2497 | 26.3 | 20 | 84/2462 | 3.4 | 2.0 |
| Used HIVST in past 12 months (% population) | 585/2493 | 23.5 | 17 | 64/2459 | 2.6 | 1.5 |
| CBD implementation in households | ||||||
| Ever heard of HIVST (% population) | 1462/2520 | 58 | 54.4 | 700/2474 | 28.3 | 25 |
| Reported CBD in community (% heard of HIVST) | 981/1459 | 67.2 | 62.7 | 113/695 | 16.3 | 14.2 |
| Reported CBD in home (% reported CBD in community) | 608/979 | 62.1 | 55.9 | 36/113 | 31.9 | 43.5 |
| CBD left HIVST in household (% reported CBD in home) | 456/608 | 75 | 68.4 | 21/36 | 58.3 | 51.4 |
| Respondent used HIVST (% with HIVST left in household) | 369/456 | 75 | 82.1 | 17/21 | 81 | 81.4 |
| Know where to access HIV care and prevention services | ||||||
| Know where to access follow-up HIV care (% population) | 1979/2515 | 78.7 | 78.1 | 1805/2469 | 73.1 | 72.5 |
| Know where to access VMMC services (% uncircumcised men, N=1409) | 438/717 | 61.1 | 62.7 | 400/696 | 57.5 | 53.5 |
| Social harms and benefits | ||||||
| Forced to test (% ever testers) | 43/1946 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 23/1802 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
| Forced to disclose results (% testers, extended sample) | 13/1190 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 12/1084 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Regret testing immediately afterward (% testers) | 164/1946 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 137/1802 | 7.6 | 6.2 |
| Any IPV (% women, extended sample n=685) | 61/307 | 19.9 | 17.1 | 82/332 | 24.7 | 21.2 |
| Any stigma (agreed with at least 1 of 11 items) (% population, extended sample) | 230/566 | 40.6 | 40.5 | 228/569 | 40.1 | 39.6 |
Missing outcome data: 23 respondents’ missing information on self-testing in past 12 months; 16 missing ever self-testing; 11 missing heard of self-testing; 8 missing CBD in community; 2 missing CBD in household; 21 missing know where to access follow-up care; 11 men missing response on circumcision follow-up; 163 respondents missing response on forced to test and regret testing; 25 women declined to answer all IPV questions; 10 respondents declined to answer all stigma questions. The extended sample was a random subsample of approximately 20% of participants who were asked more detailed questions on stigma, IPV and social harms (total N for extended subsample=1145).
CBD, community-based distributor; HIVST, HIV self-testing; IPV, intimate partner violence; SOC, standard of care; VMMC, voluntary medical male circumcision.