Table 1.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of all study participants and for overall dissatisfaction, n (%) or mean (SD)
| Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics | All (n=401) | Dissatisfied* (n=113) |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 29.8 (4.7) | 29.8 (4.7) |
| Mother’s region of birth (GBD), n (%) | ||
| Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia | 132 (32.9) | 37 (32.7) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 13 (3.2) | 7 (6.2) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 76 (19.0) | 24 (21.2) |
| South Asia | 81 (20.2) | 21 (18.6) |
| Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania | 37 (9.2) | 8 (7.1) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 62 (15.5) | 16 (14.2) |
| Partner’s region of birth (GBD), n (%)† | ||
| Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia | 123 (30.7) | 30 (26.5) |
| High-income countries | 65 (16.2) | 28 (24.8) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.9) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 74 (18.5) | 20 (17.7) |
| South Asia | 68 (17.0) | 18 (15.9) |
| Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania | 15 (3.7) | 3 (2.7) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 54 (13.5) | 12 (10.6) |
| Partner Norwegian, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 54 (13.5) | 22 (19.5) |
| No | 347 (86.5) | 91 (80.5) |
| Length of residency (months), mean (SD) | 35.6 (19.4) | 38.3 (18.1) |
| Education, n (%) | ||
| No completed education | 16 (4.0) | 6 (5.3) |
| Primary/secondary school | 151 (37.7) | 27 (23.9) |
| University | 234 (58.4) | 80 (70.8) |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||
| Single/divorced | 21 (5.2) | 5 (4.4) |
| Cohabitant/married | 380 (94.8) | 108 (95.6) |
| Economic status, n (%) | ||
| Very low–low | 19 (4.7) | 8 (7.1) |
| Low–moderate | 60 (15.0) | 21 (18.6) |
| High | 313 (78.1) | 82 (72.6) |
| Unknown | 9 (2.2) | 2 (1.8) |
| Employment status, n (%) | ||
| Employed | 228 (56.9) | 69 (61.1) |
| Unemployed | 173 (43.1) | 44 (38.9) |
| Reason for migration, n (%) | ||
| Refugee | 41 (10.2) | 12 (10.6) |
| Family reunification | 183 (45.6) | 51 (45.1) |
| Work/education | 177 (44.1) | 50 (44.2) |
| Norwegian comprehension, n (%) | ||
| None | 69 (17.2) | 20 (17.7) |
| With difficulties | 149 (37.2) | 39 (34.5) |
| Good | 158 (39.4) | 40 (35.4) |
| Fluently | 25 (6.2) | 14 (12.4) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 23.2 (4.0) | 23.3 (4.1) |
| Number of children, mean (SD) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.8) |
| GA first antenatal visit, mean (SD) | 9.5 (4.5) | 9.5 (4.5) |
| Care received by‡, n (%) | ||
| General practitioner | 328 (81.8) | 94 (83.2) |
| Midwife | 331 (83.0) | 96 (85.7) |
| Obstetrician | 114 (28.4) | 32 (28.3) |
| Parity, n (%) | ||
| Primiparous | 229 (57.1) | 74 (65.5) |
| Multiparous | 172 (42.9) | 39 (34.5) |
| Evaluation of own health, n (%) | ||
| Good | 363 (90.5) | 104 (92.0) |
| Neither good nor bad | 33 (8.2) | 7 (6.2) |
| Bad | 5 (1.2) | 2 (1.8) |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 79 (19.7) | 17 (15.0) |
| No | 322 (80.3) | 96 (85.0) |
| Pregnancy complication, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 213 (53.1) | 69 (61.1) |
| No | 187 (46.6) | 44 (38.9) |
| Obstetric interventions, n (%) | ||
| Induction | 97 (24.2) | 33 (29.2) |
| Vacuum | 52 (13.0) | 18 (15.9) |
| Caesarean section | 72 (18.0) | 22 (19.5) |
| Episiotomy | 91 (22.7) | 27 (23.9) |
| Epidural | 242 (60.3) | 70 (61.9) |
| Pudendal | 21 (5.2) | 9 (8.0) |
| Complications during birth, n (%) | ||
| Postpartum haemorrhage | 19 (4.7) | 7 (22.6) |
| Transfer to NICU | 27 (6.7) | 8 (25.8) |
| Antibiotic treatment | 55 (13.7) | 16 (51.6) |
| Planned pregnancy, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 300 (74.8) | 78 (69.0) |
| No | 101 (25.2) | 35 (31.0) |
*Percentages are column percentages.
†One missing.
‡More than one healthcare provider possible.
BMI, Body mass index; GA, Gestational age; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; NICU, Neonatal intensive care unit.