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. 2021 Jul 19;23:91. doi: 10.1186/s12968-021-00788-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Multiplanar reformatted images in a 29-year-old male patient with venous anomaly: inferior vena cava (IVC) with hemiazygos continuation to the persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC), draining into the dilated coronary sinus (CS). Right SVC was also present without communicating vein. The hepatic veins (HV) were directly connected to the CS. REACT-CMRA (A, water-only reconstruction) offered good image quality, with clear visualization of the confluence (star) between persistent LSVC, vena hemiazygos (VHA), and the CS. Steady-state-CMRA (B) was non-diagnostic due to insufficient contrast within the anomalous veins. First-pass-CMRA (C) showed pronounced vessel artifacts with blurred image contours. Note the fine delineation between the left atrium (LA) and the CS (arrowhead), without visible fenestration which is only clearly evaluable on REACT-CMRA images