Table 8.
Item-level median and interquartile ranges in Benin (n=122)
| Construct | Sub-construct | Item | Policymakers (n=15) | Mid-level managers (n=9) | Implementers (n=98) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change commitment | Needed | I believe that Benin needs to interrupt STH transmission. | 4.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (0) | 5.0 (1.0) |
| I have observed that my co-workers generally believe that Benin needs to interrupt STH transmission. | 4.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | ||
| Needed median | 4.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (0.5) | 5.0 (1.0) | ||
| Motivated | I am supportive of implementing community-wide MDA for STH. | 5.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (0) | 5.0 (1.0) | |
| I have observed that my co-workers are generally supportive of implementing community-wide MDA for STH. | 5.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | ||
| Ministry of Education personnel that I work with on school or child interventions will likely support transitioning from school-based to community-wide deworming. | 5.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | ||
| In my experience, community drug distributors are given sufficient financial and/or non-financial incentives for administering community-wide MDA. | 3.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | ||
| Motivated median | 4.5 (1.5) | 3.5 (2.0) | 4.5 (1.0) | ||
| Outcome expectancy | I believe that community-wide MDA can interrupt STH transmission in Benin.* | 4.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (0) | 5.0 (1.0) | |
| I have observed that my co-workers generally believe that community-wide MDA can interrupt STH transmission in Benin. | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | ||
| Outcome expectancy median | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.5 (1.5) | ||
| Change commitment median | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.5 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | ||
| Change efficacy | Task demand | In my experience, community drug distributor supervisors provide good guidance to distributors on how to deliver community-wide MDA. | 5.0 (1.0)b | ||
| [Stakeholder level] staff will need additional training to effectively deliver community-wide MDA for STH. | 3.0 (3.0)a | 1.0 (0) | 1.0 (1.0) | ||
| Additional supervisors are needed at [stakeholder level] to coordinate the delivery of community-wide MDA for STH. | 2.0 (0)a | 2.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | ||
| In my experience, personnel at [stakeholder level] have demonstrated that they can deliver other community-wide MDA programmes (ex. lymphatic filariasis) with high coverage. | 5.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | ||
| Task demand median | 4.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (2.0) | ||
| Resource availability | How often have you observed difficulties with having enough funding at the National level to support implementation of community-based programmes? | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.0)b | |
| How often do you encounter difficulties with having enough funding at the district level to implement of community-based programmes? | 2.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | ||
| I am not worried about whether Benin has sufficient future funding for community-wide MDA programmes. | 2.0 (1.0)c | 3.0 (1.0) | |||
| Benin currently has the resources and tools needed to develop high-quality sensitization and education materials for community-wide MDA for STH. | 5.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (2.0) | ||
| In my experience, there is an effective programme in Benin for training community drug distributors on how to deliver community-wide MDA. | 5.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (3.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | ||
| I know of at least one community health programme that could be used to deliver community-wide MDA for STH.* | 5.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | ||
| Resource availability median | 3.5 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.5) | ||
| Contextual factors | I have observed that there is a collaborative network of external stakeholders (NGOs or technical/financial partners) that would support community-wide MDA for STH in Benin. | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | 5.0 (1.0) | |
| How often are community members in [country] resistant to community-wide MDA campaigns? | 4.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | ||
| Contextual factors median | 4.0 (0.5) | 3.0 (3.0) | 3.8 (1.0) | ||
| Change efficacy median | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| Organizational readiness for change | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| Capacity | Demonstrated capacity | In my experience, Benin’s National NTD Master Plan is currently being implemented as intended. | 5.0 (2.0)a | 2.0 (1.0) | |
| How often have you encountered difficulty moving money across [stakeholder level of the health system] for a community-based programme? | 3.0 (0)c | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.0)b | ||
| How often have you observed delays in the arrival of drugs for MDA programmes due to supply chain problems? | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | ||
| I have observed that it is challenging to recruit enough community drug distributors needed in Benin to deliver community-wide MDA. | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 2.5 (3.0) | ||
| How often are treatment data incorrectly recorded during delivery of community-wide MDA programmes? | 3.0 (0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | ||
| In my experience, community drug distributors have the skills to effectively deliver community-wide MDA for STH. | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (3.0) | 4.0 (2.0)b | ||
| Capacity median | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | ||
| Flexibility | Flexibility | It is challenging to present new ideas to my supervisor. | 4.0 (2.0)c | 2.0 (2.0) | |
| In my experience, when MOH leadership at the National level are presented with new ideas, research activities, or pilot projects, they are generally receptive to them. | 4.0 (2.0)a | 3.0 (0) | |||
| How often do your supervisors generally feel comfortable receiving feedback and recommendations from you and your colleagues on how to improve the delivery of interventions? | 4.0 (1.0)c | 3.0 (1.0) | |||
| How often do your subordinates generally feel comfortable providing feedback and recommendations on how to improve the delivery of interventions? | 4.0 (1.0)c | 4.0 (2.0) | |||
| Flexibility median | 4.0 (2.0)a | 3.5 (0.5) | |||
| Organizational structure | Leadership structure | In my experience, the NTD programme leadership at the national level is effectively implementing community-wide MDA programmes in Benin. | 5.0 (1.0)a | 4.0 (1.0) | |
| In my experience, the NTD programme leadership at the [STATE] level is effectively implementing NTD programmes in Benin. | 5.0 (1.0)a | 2.0 (1.0) | |||
| In my experience, the NTD programme leadership at the [DISTRICT] level is effectively implementing NTD programmes in Benin. | 5.0 (2.0)a | 2.0 (1.0) | |||
| Leadership structure median | 5.0 (1.0)a | 2.0 (2.0) | |||
| Political structure | In my experience, Benin's national policy for NTD control supports community-wide MDA. | 5.0 (0)a | |||
| I have observed that Benin's National NTD Master Plan provides sufficient guidance for delivering community-wide MDA programmes, such as lymphatic filariasis (LF). | 5.0 (2.0)a | 2.0 (1.0) | |||
| I have observed that deworming medicines are acquired centrally and re-distributed to local levels without too much difficulty. | 5.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.5 (3.5)b | ||
| Political structure median | 5.0 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (3.5)b | ||
| Organizational structure median | 5.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 3.5 (3.5) | ||
| Organizational capacity for change | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | ||
| Summary item: I believe that Benin is ready to implement community-wide MDA for STH for the first time | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 5.0 (2.0) | ||
aImplementation partners not asked the question
bCDDs not asked the question (only health centers)
cImplementation partners and WHO not asked the question