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Genetic removal of S1P2 or Gα12 downstream signaling reduces astrocytic glutamate uptake inhibition by S1P. Primary astrocytes from S1P2-null or Gα12-hemizygous-null mice were incubated with labeled glutamate and S1P for 1 h at 37°C. Glutamate uptake in S1P2−/− (A) and Gα12+/− (B) astrocytes exhibited a right shift (increase in glutamate uptake) when compared with controls. Data in each panel are from three independent experiments. Curve fitting was performed by nonlinear regression.
