TABLE 1.

Sites, coordinates and population sizes of Sthunbergii thunbergii analysed in this study, and standardized allelic richness ($\widehat{\alpha }$), standardized private diversity ($\widehat{\pi }$) and gene diversity (H _e) inferred from microsatellites

Sampling site	Water body	Coordinates	n	$\widehat{\alpha }$	$\widehat{\pi }$	H e
1. Shakotan, Hokkaido, Japan	Sea of Japan	43.36°N, 140.46°E	6	2.60 ± 0.07	0.00 ± 0.00	0.39
2. Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan	Sea of Japan	42.32°N, 140.97°E	10	2.22 ± 0.07	1.22 ± 0.41	0.38
3. Esashi, Hokkaido, Japan	Sea of Japan	41.86°N, 140.18°E	25	3.41 ± 0.17	2.16 ± 0.68	0.52
4. Yazishi, Liaoning, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	39.04°N, 122.72°E	25	2.60 ± 0.13	0.00 ± 0.06	0.41
5. Dongbang, Liaoning, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	39.02°N, 122.75°E	25	2.96 ± 0.26	0.83 ± 0.76	0.37
6. Yingzuishi, Liaoning, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	39.01°N, 122.73°E	25	3.09 ± 0.13	1.42 ± 0.82	0.47
7. Lvshun, Liaoning, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	38.72°N, 121.15°E	24	2.83 ± 0.11	1.14 ± 0.57	0.39
8. Onagawa Bay, Miyagi, Japan	Japan‐Pacific coast	38.44°N, 141.48°E	18	2.88 ± 0.08	0.83 ± 0.38	0.30
9. Beihuangcheng Island, Yantai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	38.38°N, 120.90°E	25	2.46 ± 0.07	0.00 ± 0.00	0.39
10. Daqin Island, Yantai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	38.30°N, 120.83°E	25	2.81 ± 0.17	0.61 ± 0.56	0.39
11. Sokcho, Gangwon‐do, Korea	Sea of Japan	38.20°N, 128.59°E	14	2.08 ± 0.12	0.02 ± 0.14	0.28
12. Changdao Island, Yantai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	37.97°N, 120.73°E	25	2.59 ± 0.11	0.23 ± 0.42	0.35
13. Jiming Island, Weihai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	37.75°N, 122.80°E	25	3.00 ± 0.13	0.66 ± 0.52	0.49
14. Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	37.52°N, 122.01°E	24	2.10 ± 0.08	0.00 ± 0.00	0.32
15. Yueliang Bay, Weihai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	37.51°N, 122.43°E	25	2.55 ± 0.09	0.00 ± 0.00	0.34
16. Chengshantou, Weihai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	37.39°N, 122.71°E	25	2.63 ± 0.14	0.68 ± 0.59	0.40
17. Yantai University, Yantai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	37.47°N, 121.46°E	25	2.33 ± 0.11	0.00 ± 0.00	0.24
18. Ailian Bay, Weihai, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	37.23°N, 122.59°E	25	2.65 ± 0.18	0.61 ± 0.49	0.43
19. Gauido, Chungcheongnam‐do, Korea	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	36.67°N, 126.07°E	6	1.81 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.25	0.32
20. Taean, Chungcheongnam‐do, Korea	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	36.66°N, 126.26°E	10	2.47 ± 0.09	0.37 ± 0.50	0.39
21. Badaguan, Qingdao, China	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	36.05°N, 120.35°E	25	2.57 ± 0.19	1.19 ± 1.00	0.34
22. Ama, Shimane, Japan	Sea of Japan	36.01°N, 132.58°E	11	3.40 ± 0.25	3.52 ± 0.87	0.52
23. Tateyama Bay, Chiba, Japan	Japan‐Pacific coast	35.00°N, 139.83°E	22	1.38 ± 0.09	0.87 ± 0.78	0.06
24. Chita, Aichi, Japan	Japan‐Pacific coast	34.71°N, 136.92°E	15	1.82 ± 0.00	2.61 ± 0.65	0.14
25. Yeongsan, Jeollanam‐do, Korea	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	34.65°N, 125.47°E	10	1.80 ± 0.21	0.00 ± 0.00	0.17
26. Jodo, Jeollanam‐do, Korea	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	34.32°N, 126.04°E	10	2.18 ± 0.12	0.98 ± 0.60	0.29
27. Jeju Island, Jejudo, Korea	Yellow‐Bohai Sea	33.28°N, 126.32°E	10	2.49 ± 0.29	1.33 ± 0.73	0.46
28. Shengsi, Zhoushan, China	East China Sea	30.71°N, 122.77°E	25	2.13 ± 0.45	0.02 ± 0.13	0.21
29. Dongtou, Wenzhou, China	East China Sea	27.80°N, 121.14°E	25	2.67 ± 0.14	0.00 ± 0.00	0.41
30. Longchuanjiao, Wenzhou, China	East China Sea	27.45°N, 121.05°E	25	2.55 ± 0.38	0.64 ± 0.53	0.30
31. Sanpanwei, Wenzhou, China	East China Sea	27.48°N, 121.05°E	25	1.88 ± 0.09	0.33 ± 0.47	0.26
32. Zhuyu Island, Wenzhou, China	East China Sea	27.46°N, 121.10°E	25	2.02 ± 0.18	1.22 ± 0.71	0.28
33. Huangqi, Liangjiang, Fuzhou, China	East China Sea	26.41°N, 119.92°E	24	2.21 ± 0.12	2.23 ± 0.64	0.25
34. Nanri Island, Putian, China	East China Sea	25.26°N, 119.67°E	29	1.97 ± 0.08	0.51 ± 0.50	0.27
35. Meizhou Island, Putian, China	East China Sea	25.07°N, 119.13°E	24	1.82 ± 0.07	1.86 ± 0.35	0.20