Table 1.
Analysis of 2018 WCMEO Cases with a 180 Day MAPS History
| Characteristic | Non-Drug Death | Opioid Death | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Cases | 109 | 167 | |
| Agea | 44.4 (1.20) | 43.4 (0.99) | 0.52 |
| Genderb | |||
| Female | 53 (49) | 77 (46) | 0.68 |
| Male | 56 (51) | 90 (54) | |
| Ethnicityb, c | |||
| White | 87 (80) | 125 (75) | 0.63 |
| Black | 17 (16) | 32 (19) | |
| Rx Historyb | |||
| Any Opioid | 85 (78) | 133 (80) | 0.74 |
| Hydrocodone | 47 (43) | 62 (37) | 0.32 |
| Oxycodone | 24 (22) | 36 (22) | 0.93 |
| Codeine | 15 (14) | 29 (17) | 0.42 |
| Morphine | 9 (8) | 8 (5) | 0.24 |
| Buprenorphine/Naloxone | 6 (6) | 29 (17) | 0.004 |
| Methadone | 0 (0) | 10 (6) | 0.009 |
| Any Benzodiazepine | 60 (55) | 129 (77) | 1.04×10−4 |
| Opioid Plus Benzodiazepine | 42 (39) | 99 (59) | 0.001 |
| Alprazolam | 25 (23) | 67 (40) | 0.003 |
| MAPS Dataa | |||
| Overdose Risk Score | 236 (12.3) | 280 (11.25) | 0.01 |
| Narcotic Score | 113 (9.01) | 134 (6.60) | 0.05 |
| Sedative Score | 98.6 (7.86) | 127 (6.30) | 0.006 |
| Number of Prescribers | 3.47 (0.27) | 3.86 (0.22) | 0.26 |
| Number of Prescriptions | 16.6 (1.44) | 23.6 (1.32) | 0.001 |
| Number of Pharmacies | 2.08 (0.13) | 3.05 (0.16) | 2.7×10−5 |
| Positive Toxicologyb | |||
| Any Opioid | 55 (50) | 167 (100) | 3.60×10−24 |
| Any Benzodiazepine | 40 (37) | 167 (100) | 1.65×10−32 |
| Fentanyl | 16 (15) | 119 (71) | 3.86×10−20 |
| Morphine | 16 (15) | 74 (44) | 2.84×10−7 |
| Alprazolam | 17 (16) | 104 (62) | 2.17×10−14 |
| Cocaine | 5 (5) | 54 (32) | 3.87×10−8 |
a
Data are presented as mean (SE) of variable.
b
Data are presented as number (%) of cases.
c
Remaining cases were of other ethnicities.