Table 6.
Effect of salt supplementation to tank water on physiological blood parameters of koi during a CEV infection. A mild lack of oxygen, severe loss of ions and an accumulation of ammonia could be noticed in infected koi kept in plain fresh water, while a 0.5% NaCl supplementation to the tank water elevated most of the changes in the blood of CEV-infected koi. Shown are mean and standard deviation of measurements from n = 6 specimen. Analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA, followed by subsequent pairwise multiple comparisons using the Holm-Sidak method. Values in bold and letters (a, b, c) indicate significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 between different treatments. P – blood plasma, B – whole blood, FP – flame photometer, OPTI – Osmetech OPTI CCA Blood Gas Analyzer, PM – photometer, RF – refractometer
| Factor | Instrument | Koi | Koi | Koi | Koi | ||
| Control | Control salt 6 dpe | CEV 6 dpe | CEV Salt 6 dpe | ||||
| pH | OPTI | B | Mean | 7.35b | 7.12a | 7.41b | 7.30b |
| SD | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.08 | |||
| pCO2 (mmHg) | OPTI | B | Mean | 22.50 | 21.33 | 21.50 | 22.67 |
| SD | 2.43 | 2.07 | 3.15 | 1.75 | |||
| pO2 (mmHg) | OPTI | B | Mean | 41.00ab | 46.67ab | 31.67a | 58.00b |
| SD | 17.56 | 15.53 | 9.93 | 20.59 | |||
| BE (mmol L−1) | OPTI | B | Mean | −12.13 | −20.82a | −10.27b | −13.52b |
| SD | 3.22 | 3.23 | 5.71 | 3.34 | |||
| tCO2 (mmol L−1) | OPTI | B | Mean | 12.83 | 7.48a | 13.60b | 11.93b |
| SD | 1.86 | 1.72 | 3.43 | 2.29 | |||
| HCO3 (mmol L−1) | OPTI | B | Mean | 12.12 | 6.83a | 12.98b | 11.20b |
| SD | 1.90 | 1.70 | 3.46 | 2.32 | |||
| Na+ (mmol L−1) | OPTI | B | Mean | 139.00b | 151.17a | 101.50 c | 145.83ab |
| SD | 1.67 | 4.96 | 6.12 | 4.22 | |||
| Na+ (mmol L−1) | FP | P | Mean | 130.50b | 149.90a | 80.90 c | 138.83b |
| SD | 1.37 | 4.29 | 9.82 | 3.90 | |||
| K+ (mmol L−1) | OPTI | B | Mean | 2.73a | 3.33a | 5.77b | 2.83a |
| SD | 0.36 | 0.78 | 1.28 | 1.55 | |||
| K+ (mmol L−1) | FP | P | Mean | 2.86 | 3.15 | 4.07 | 2.35 |
| SD | 0.41 | 1.04 | 1.18 | 1.75 | |||
| Ca++ (mmol L−1) | OPTI | B | Mean | 1.34b | 1.52a | 1.06 c | 1.27b |
| SD | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.16 | |||
| NH3 (µmol L−1) | PM | P | Mean | 225.98a | 256.26a | 1123.24b | 246.72a |
| SD | 100.92 | 146.84 | 304.30 | 131.01 | |||
| Total protein (g L−1) | RF | P | Mean | 24.88a | 28.16a | 42.30b | 28.17a |
| SD | 1.23 | 3.34 | 4.42 | 2.46 | |||
| tHb (g/L) | OPTI | B | Mean | 87.00ab | 92.50ab | 98.50a | 84.83b |
| SD | 6.78 | 5.74 | 12.00 | 5.08 | |||
| Hct© (%) | OPTI | B | Mean | 26.17a | 28.00 | 29.67 | 25.33 |
| SD | 2.14 | 1.63 | 3.72 | 1.37 |