Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by Tertile of Serum L/Z and MPOD in the CAREDS2 Among Participants With Gradable Retinal Photographs (N = 390)
| Serum L/Z (µmol/L) WHI Baseline (1994–1998) | MPOD (ODU) CAREDS Baseline (2001–2004) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |
| Variable | Participants | (0.06–0.25) | (0.25–0.38) | (0.38–1.14) | (0.00–0.29) | (0.29–0.48) | (0.48–1.00) |
| Age (years) | 80.3 ± 0.3 | 80.1 ± 0.5 | 81.0 ± 0.5 | 79.8 ± 0.5 | 80.0 ± 0.5 | 80.1 ± 0.5 | 80.8 ± 0.5 |
| Ptrend = .42 | Ptrend = .21 | ||||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 97.7 | 100.0 | 97.4 | 96.1 | 97.9 | 95.9 | 98.6 |
| Non-White | 2.3 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 1.4 |
| Ptrend = .02 | Ptrend = .81 | ||||||
| Education level | |||||||
| High school graduate or less | 12.8 | 16.9 | 13.0 | 8.0 | 15.1 | 9.6 | 12.0 |
| College or vocational training | 48.2 | 52.9 | 48.6 | 42.2 | 53.0 | 51.9 | 41.5 |
| Post college | 39.0 | 30.3 | 38.4 | 49.8 | 31.9 | 38.5 | 46.4 |
| Ptrend < .001 | Ptrend = .04 | ||||||
| Smoking - CAREDS baseline | |||||||
| Nonsmoker | 59.5 | 52.4 | 61.2 | 64.2 | 54.7 | 59.5 | 62.9 |
| <7 pack-years | 23.1 | 24.6 | 24.8 | 20.1 | 24.6 | 25.4 | 22.7 |
| ≥7 pack-years | 17.4 | 22.9 | 14.0 | 15.8 | 20.7 | 15.1 | 14.4 |
| Ptrend = .01 | Ptrend = .24 | ||||||
| Dietary L/Z – CAREDS baseline (µg/d) | 2770 ± 105 | 2082 ± 176 | 2869 ± 177 | 3347 ± 178 | 2565 ± 179 | 2776 ± 180 | 2979 ± 185 |
| Ptrend < .001 | Ptrend = .08 | ||||||
| Early/intermediate macular degeneration - CAREDS2 | 45.1 | 51.0 | 44.1 | 39.6 | 44.5 | 47.4 | 44.2 |
| Ptrend = .10 | Ptrend = .97 | ||||||
| POAG - CAREDS2 | 10.4 | 13.3 | 8.4 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 9.9 |
| Ptrend = .68 | Ptrend = .55 | ||||||
| Average peripapillary RNFL thickness - CAREDS2 (µm) | 90.8 ± 0.8 | 91.0 ± 1.3 | 89.7 ± 1.3 | 91.5 ± 1.3 | 90.4 ± 1.3 | 91.1 ± 1.3 | 90.8 ± 1.3 |
| Ptrend = .89 | Ptrend = .73 | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure - CAREDS2 (mm Hg) | 137.3 ± 1.0 | 138.1 ± 1.7 | 136.2 ± 1.7 | 137.4 ± 1.7 | 138.1 ± 1.7 | 134.5 ± 1.7 | 139.2 ± 1.7 |
| Ptrend = .51 | Ptrend = .55 | ||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure - CAREDS2 (mm Hg) | 74.6 ± 0.5 | 74.2 ± 0.9 | 74.5 ± 0.9 | 75.4 ± 0.9 | 74.8 ± 0.9 | 74.1 ± 0.8 | 75.0 ± 0.9 |
| Ptrend = .74 | Ptrend = .59 | ||||||
| Waist circumference - CAREDS2 (inches) | 35.9 ± 0.3 | 37.4 ± 0.5 | 36.2 ± 0.5 | 34.1 ± 0.5 | 37.3 ± 0.5 | 35.2 ± 0.5 | 35.2 ± 0.5 |
| Ptrend < .001 | Ptrend < .001 | ||||||
| Body mass index - CAREDS2 (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 0.3 | 28.1 ± 0.5 | 27.1 ± 0.5 | 25.6 ± 0.5 | 28.3 ± 0.5 | 26.3 ± 0.4 | 26.3 ± 0.5 |
| Ptrend < .001 | Ptrend = .01 | ||||||
| Total cholesterol - WHI baseline (mg/dL) |
219.2 ± 1.8 | 212.0 ± 3.1 | 218.8 ± 3.1 | 226.9 ± 3.1 | 219.7 ± 3.1 | 219.5 ± 3.1 | 218.4 ± 3.2 |
| Ptrend = .01 | Ptrend = .90 | ||||||
| Triglycerides - WHI baseline (mg/dL) | 151.8 ± 4.1 | 160.4 ± 7.2 | 147.4 ± 7.2 | 147.0 ± 7.2 | 157.9 ± 7.1 | 152 ± 7.2 | 145.4 ± 7.3 |
| Ptrend = .15 | Ptrend = .15 | ||||||
| Self-reported hypertension – WHI Extension II | 61.8 | 67.7 | 63.3 | 56.3 | 65.5 | 58.7 | 58.2 |
| Ptrend = .03 | Ptrend = .07 | ||||||
| Self-reported cardiovascular disease* - WHI Extension II | 26.9 | 32.7 | 27.0 | 22.0 | 27.8 | 27.5 | 23.0 |
| Ptrend = .04 | Ptrend = .39 | ||||||
| Self-reported diabetes - WHI Extension II |
15.9 | 18.3 | 16.2 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 13.9 | 15.2 |
| Ptrend = .35 | Ptrend = .28 | ||||||
*
Participant reports having at least one of the following conditions or procedures: cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac arrest, cardiac catheterization, coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery, stroke, transient ischemic attack, deep vein thrombosis or peripheral artery disease.
Values are mean ± SE or percentage, age adjusted.