Table 2.
Participant Characteristics by Tertile of Central Retinal Arteriole and Venule Caliber in CAREDS2 Among Participants With Gradable Retinal Photographs (n = 390)*
| Central Retinal Venule Caliber (µm) CAREDS2 (2016–2019) | Central Retinal Arteriole Caliber (um) CAREDS2 (2016–2019) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |
| Variable | (148.1–199.6) | (199.7–219.6) | (219.7–285.5) | (95.8–135.2) | (135.3–148.1) | (148.4–211.5) |
| Age (years) | 81.4 ± 0.5 | 80.0 ± 0.4 | 79.5 ± 0.5 | 80.7 ± 0.5 | 80.0 ± 0.5 | 80.2 ± 0.5 |
| Ptrend = .01 | Ptrend = .12 | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 97.9 | 1.5 | 97.5 | 96.2 | 0.0 | 96.6 |
| Non-White | 2.1 | 98.5 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 100.0 | 3.4 |
| Ptrend = .15 | Ptrend = .57 | |||||
| Education level | ||||||
| High school graduate or less | 13.4 | 12.6 | 12.1 | 16.4 | 10.8 | 10.1 |
| College or vocational training | 48.8 | 45.7 | 48.8 | 47.3 | 49.8 | 48.2 |
| Post college | 37.8 | 41.8 | 39.1 | 36.3 | 39.4 | 41.7 |
| Ptrend = .48 | Ptrend = .21 | |||||
| Smoking - CAREDS baseline | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 65.8 | 54.2 | 59.9 | 62.4 | 57.4 | 57.3 |
| <7 pack-years | 22.6 | 28.1 | 17.2 | 25.0 | 24.3 | 22.2 |
| ≥7 pack-years | 11.6 | 17.7 | 22.9 | 12.6 | 18.4 | 20.5 |
| Ptrend = .01 | Ptrend = .03 | |||||
| Dietary L/Z – CAREDS baseline (µg/d) | 2624 ± 182 | 2775 ± 182 | 2912 ± 182 | 2649 ± 182 | 2627 ± 180 | 3037 ± 182 |
| Ptrend = .26 | Ptrend = .01 | |||||
| Early/intermediate macular degeneration - CAREDS2 | 50.9 | 37.8 | 45.0 | 47.0 | 43.9 | 44.9 |
| Ptrend = .89 | Ptrend = .67 | |||||
| POAG - CAREDS2 | 16.1 | 9.0 | 6.5 | 13.5 | 8.3 | 7.6 |
| Ptrend = .02 | Ptrend = .02 | |||||
| Average peripapillary RNFL thickness - CAREDS2 (µm) | 85.2 ± 1.3 | 91.4 ± 1.2 | 95.6 ± 1.2 | 85.4 ± 1.3 | 92.7 ± 1.2 | 94.1 ± 1.3 |
| Ptrend < .001 | Ptrend < .001 | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure - CAREDS2 (mm Hg) | 139.3 ± 1.7 | 135.7 ± 1.7 | 140.1 ± 1.7 | 137.2 ± 1.7 | 134.6 ± 1.7 | |
| Ptrend = .07 | Ptrend = .01 | |||||
| Diastolic blood pressure - CAREDS2 (mm Hg) | 75.1 ± 0.9 | 74.2 ± 0.8 | 74.6 ± 0.9 | 75.1 ± 0.9 | 75.1 ± 0.8 | 73.7 ± 0.9 |
| Ptrend = .75 | Ptrend = .15 | |||||
| Waist circumference - CAREDS2 (inches) | 36.2 ± 0.5 | 35.9 ± 0.5 | 35.6 ± 0.5 | 35.6 ± 0.5 | 35.9 ± 0.5 | 36.2 ± 0.5 |
| Ptrend = .82 | Ptrend = .23 | |||||
| Body mass index - CAREDS2 (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 0.5 | 27.2 ± 0.5 | 26.8 ± 0.5 | 26.8 ± 0.5 | 26.7 ± 0.5 | 27.4 ± 0.5 |
| Ptrend = .99 | Ptrend = .37 | |||||
| Total cholesterol - WHI baseline (mg/dL) |
215.5 ± 3.2 | 222.3 ± 3.1 | 219.9 ± 3.2 | 216.8 ± 3.1 | 217.1 ± 3.1 | 223.9 ± 3.2 |
| Ptrend = .04 | Ptrend = .02 | |||||
| Triglycerides - WHI baseline (mg/dL) | 153.3 ± 7.2 | 150.6 ± 7.2 | 151.6 ± 7.2 | 141.6 ± 7.2 | 159.6 ± 7.1 | 154.3 ± 7.22 |
| Ptrend = .81 | Ptrend = .49 | |||||
| Self-reported hypertension - WHI Extension II |
65.4 | 65.7 | 55.0 | 60.9 | 69.1 | 56.5 |
| Ptrend = .08 | Ptrend = .24 | |||||
| Self-reported cardiovascular disease* - WHI Extension II | 25.9 | 27.7 | 28.3 | 19.5 | 30.9 | 29.8 |
| Ptrend = .28 | Ptrend = .18 | |||||
| Self-reported diabetes – WHI Extension II |
21.2 | 14.8 | 12.8 | 17.5 | 16.4 | 15.0 |
| Ptrend = .12 | Ptrend = .80 | |||||
*
Participant reports having at least one of the following conditions or procedures: cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac arrest, cardiac catheterization, coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery, stroke, transient ischemic attack, deep vein thrombosis or peripheral artery disease.
Values are mean ± SE or percentage, age adjusted.