Table 3.
Retinal Vessel Caliber in CAREDS2 by Tertile of Serum L and Z at WHI Baseline (1994–1998) Among Participants With Gradable Retinal Photographs (n = 390)
| Serum L/Z (µmol/L) WHI Baseline (1994–1998) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | β ± SE, P Value† | ||
| n | (0.06–0.25) | (0.25–0.38) | (0.38–1.14) | Tertile 3 vs. T1 | |
| Central retinal artery equivalents (µm) | |||||
| All participants | 390 | 140.8 ± 1.4 | 141.8 ± 1.4 | 145.0 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 2.1, P = .05 |
| MPOD stability* over 15 years | |||||
| MPOD decrease | 48 | 139.2 ± 5.0 | 150.5 ± 4.4 | 145.3 ± 3.7 | 6.0 ± 6.5, P = .36 |
| MPOD stable | 106 | 143.6 ± 2.5 | 137.4 ± 2.9 | 148.5 ± 2.8 | 5.0 ± 3.9, P = .21 |
| MPOD increase | 210 | 141.7 ± 1.9 | 142.5 ± 1.8 | 142.9 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 2.8, P = .67 |
| Central retinal venous equivalents (µm) | |||||
| All participants | 390 | 207.5 ± 2.2 | 208.7 ± 2.1 | 214.6 ± 2.2 | 7.1 ± 3.2, P = .03 |
| MPOD stability over 15 years | |||||
| MPOD decrease | 48 | 202.8 ± 6.6 | 222.8 ± 5.8 | 210.1 ± 4.8 | 7.2 ± 8.5, P = .40 |
| MPOD stable | 106 | 208.4 ± 3.7 | 205.5 ± 4.2 | 223.5 ± 4.1 | 15.1 ± 5.7, P = .01 |
| MPOD increase | 210 | 210.4 ± 3.0 | 208.9 ± 3.0 | 210.5 ± 3.1 | 0.1 ± 4.5, P = .98 |
*
MPOD decrease of >0.10 ODU, stable within 0.10 ODU, or increase of >0.10 ODU between CAREDS baseline (2001–2004) and CAREDS2 (2016–2019).
†
Ptrend adjusted for age, smoking pack-years (never smoker, <7, or ≥7 pack-years), self-reported hypertension, self-reported diabetes, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference.