TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants
| Characteristics | LCVRF (n = 16) | HCVRF (n = 26) | CAD (n = 18) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female/male (n) | 11/5 | 15/11 | 1/17 |
| Age (years) | 66.31 (4.52) | 66.96 (5.77) | 71.05 (4.06) |
| Resting SBP (mmHg) | 122.68 (7.25) | 124.57 (13.55) | 125.16 (15.22) |
| Resting DBP (mmHg) | 75.68 (6.38) | 76.38 (7.05) | 75.27 (7.07) |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 43.24 (2.78) | 45.14 (5.98) | 54.97 (11.23) |
| NIRS‐estimated heart rate BW (beat/min) | 67.19 (7.16) | 70.13 (9.34) | 73.13 (11.09) |
| NIRS‐estimated heart rate AW (beat/min) | 88.76 (10.28) | 88.14 (11.09) | 102.81 (16.33) |
| METs | 1.41 (0.23) | 1.17 (0.26) | 1.19 (0.32) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0 | 3 (11.54) | 1 (0.055) |
| Blood sample parameters | |||
| Total‐cholesterol (mmol L−1) | 4.80 (0.74) | 4.91 (1.29) | 3.65 (0.54) |
| LDL‐cholesterol (mmol L−1) | 2.68 (0.65) | 2.92 (1.09) | 1.80 (0.47) |
| HDL‐cholesterol (mmol L−1) | 1.64 (0.29) | 1.35 (0.54) | 1.27 (0.28) |
| Medication therapy | |||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 1 (5.55) | 5 (19.23) | 16 (88.89) |
| Beta‐blockers, n (%) | 1 (5.55) | 4 (15.38) | 12 (66.67) |
| Calcium‐antagonist, n (%) | 2 (11.11) | 4 (15.38) | 5 (27.78) |
| ACE‐inhibitor, n (%) | 0 | 3 (11.54) | 3 (16.67) |
| ARA, n (%) | 2 (11.11) | 8 (30.77) | 6 (33.33) |
| Treatment for CAD | |||
| Coronary angioplasty | 0 | 0 | 11 (61.11) |
| CABG | 0 | 0 | 6 (33.33) |
| Infarcts | 0 | 0 | 10 (55.56) |
Note: Variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation).
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARA, angiotensin receptor antagonist; AW, standing rest after short‐duration walking; BW, standing rest before short‐duration walking; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HCVRF, high cardiovascular risk factors; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LCVRF, low cardiovascular risk factors; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; METs, metabolic equivalents (ratio of METs value to theoretical METs); n, number of participants; SBP, systolic blood pressure; %, percent of participants.