Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| Overall study | Non-T2DM subjects | T2DM subjects | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 5105) | (n = 4686) | (n = 419) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 2998(58.7) | 2769(59.1) | 229(54.7) | 0.08 |
| Female | 2107(41.3) | 1917(40.9) | 190(45.4) | |
| Age groups, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <45 | 1662(32.6) | 1605(34.3) | 57(13.6) | |
| 45–60 | 2323(45.5) | 2132(45.5) | 191(45.6) | |
| >60 | 1120(22.0) | 949(20.3) | 171(40.8) | |
| Weight status, n (%) | 0.60 | |||
| BMI<24 kg/m2 | 1584(31.0) | 1462(31.2) | 122(29.1) | |
| BMI 24–28 kg/m2 | 1837(36.0) | 1678(35.8) | 164(37.9) | |
| BMI>28 kg/m2 | 1684(33.0) | 1546(33.0) | 138(32.9) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Han | 665(13.0) | 590(12.6) | 75(17.9) | <0.001 |
| Kazak | 919(18.0) | 879(18.8) | 40(9.6) | |
| Hui | 1302(25.5) | 1153(24.6) | 149(35.6) | |
| Uyghur | 746(14.6) | 661(14.1) | 85(20.3) | |
| Others | 1473(28.9) | 1403(29.9) | 70(16.7) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | ||||
| Low | 3695(73.1) | 3378(72.8) | 317(73.1) | 0.34 |
| Medium | 1337(26.4) | 1237(26.7) | 100(23.9) | |
| High | 25(0.5) | 24(0.5) | 1(0.2) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 3980(78.0) | 3643(77.7) | 337(80.4) | 0.21 |
| Once in a while | 106(2.1) | 95(2.0) | 11(2.6) | |
| Usually | 1019(20.0) | 948(20.0) | 71(17.0) | |
| Alcohol status, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 4300(84.2) | 3933(83.9) | 367(87.5) | 0.05 |
| Once in a while | 686(13.4) | 645(13.8) | 41(9.8) | |
| Usually | 119(2.3) | 108(2.3) | 11(2.6) | |
| Physical activity level, n (%) | ||||
| Low | 2862(56.1) | 2571(54.9) | 291(69.5) | <0.001 |
| Medium | 2106(41.3) | 1983(42.3) | 123(29.4) | |
| High | 137(2.7) | 132(2.8) | 5(1.2) | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.12(0.02) | 4.85(0.01) | 8.10(0.2) | <0.001 |
| DII | 0.81(0.1) | 0.76(0.1) | 1.44(0.2) | <0.001 |