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. 2020 Jun 13;8(6):nwaa132. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa132

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

ENSO-induced O3 and CO enhancements over the subtropical North Pacific Ocean in spring. (a) Difference of IASI retrieved 0–6 km O3 column in El Niño and La Niña springs. (b) Difference of MOPITT retrieved 700 hPa CO between El Niño and La Niña springs. Only statistically significant data (P < 0.1) are shown. (c) Simulated climatological streamlines and ENSO-induced O3 difference at 680 hPa (the results were deduced based on ElNino_BASE and LaNina_BASE runs given in Supplementary Table 1). (d) The first EOF mode of spring O3 at 680 hPa in 1981–2008 (from the FSDSMAM-hist Experiment). (e) Simulated O3 over the subtropical Pacific (averaged for the dashed box in (a)), observed O3 at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), satellite retrieved O3 column in spring, and Niño 3.4 index averaged in the preceding December–February (DJF) (gray bars). (f) Simulated and MOPITT observed CO over the subtropical Pacific in spring and Niño 3.4 index averaged in the preceding DJF. The dotted areas in (a) and (c) indicate statistical significance with 90% confidence.