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. 2021 Aug;133:None. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102498

Table A.5.

Association between deprivation and the percentage of neighbourhood food outlets accessible online amongst postcode districts in England. Estimated using uncontrolled and controlled general linear models.


Model 0a
Model 1a
Percentage accessible onlineb (%) coef 95% CI coef 95% CI
IMD score (deciles)
1 (4.28–10.21); least deprived ref ref
2 (10.22–12.08) −9.72 −20.63 1.20 −8.17 −18.80 2.46
3 (12.09–14.00) −16.41 −27.28 −5.55 −12.19 −22.85 −1.53
4 (14.01–15.91) −14.35 −25.21 −3.48 −14.28 −24.90 −3.65
5 (15.92–18.18) −20.05 −30.92 −9.17 −19.32 −29.95 −8.69
6 (18.19–20.60) −21.84 −32.67 −11.00 −21.11 −31.72 −10.51
7 (20.61–23.54) −30.34 −41.21 −19.48 −29.40 −40.10 −18.69
8 (23.55–27.06) −16.54 −27.41 −5.68 −14.79 −25.58 −3.99
9 (27.07–32.89) −10.59 −21.43 0.25 −11.06 −21.97 −0.16
10 (32.90–69.51); most deprived 0.05 −10.80 10.90 −3.38 −14.22 7.45

a Model 0 = uncontrolled. 2104 postcode districts included. Model 1 = controlled for postcode district population density and rural urban classification. 2076 postcode districts included.

b Percentage accessible online = The number of food outlets accessible online as a percentage of the number physically accessible in the neighbourhood. ‘Neighbourhood’ = 1600m Euclidean radius ‘neighbourhood’ buffer of postcode district geographic centroid.