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. 2021 Jul 15;31(3):389–398. doi: 10.18865/ed.31.3.389

Table 4. Effect of race and ethnicity on in-hospital mortality and non-routine discharges among COVID-19 patients.

Items	Death					Non-routine discharge
	OR, 95%CI, P					OR, 95%CI, P
	Unadjusted	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c	Model 4^d	Unadjusted	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c	Model 4^d
White	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)	1(1-1)
African American	1.1(1.0-1.2) P=.07	1.3(1.2-1.4) P<.001	1.1(1.0-1.2) P=.003	1.5(1.4-1.7) P<.001	1.5(1.3-1.6) P<.001	1.4(1.3-1.5) P<.001	.9(.9-1.0) P=.04	.9(.8-.9) P<.001	.9(.8-.9) P=.0005	.9(.8-1.0) P=.0005
Hispanic	1.1(1.1-1.3) P<.001	1.4(1.3-1.5) P<.001	1.3(1.3-1.5) P<.001	1.4(1.3-1.6) P<.001	1.4(1.3-1.6) P<.001	2.1(2.0-2.2) P<.001	.7(.6-.7) P<.001	.8(.7-.8) P<.001	.8(.7-.8) P<.001	.8(.7-.8) P<.001
Asian or Pacific Islander	.9(.8-1.1) P=.53	1.3(1.1-1.6) P=.005	1.2(1.0-1.5) P=.06	1.5(1.2-1.9) P=.002	1.5(1.1-1.9) P=.002	1.7(1.5-2.0) P<.001	.7(.6-.8) P<.001	.7(.6-.9) P<.001	.8(.6-.9) P=.002	.8(.6-.9) P=.002

DNR, do not resuscitate; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

a. Adjusted by age, gender.

b. Adjusted by age, gender, and Elixhauser comorbidities.

c. Adjusted by age, gender, Elixhauser comorbidities, DNR and palliative care.

d. Adjusted by age, gender, Elixhauser comorbidities, DNR, palliative care and socioeconomic status.